This is automake.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from automake.texi. This manual is for GNU Automake (version 1.9.6, 9 July 2005), a program that creates GNU standards-compliant Makefiles from template files. Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * automake: (automake). Making Makefile.in's. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * aclocal: (automake)Invoking aclocal. Generating aclocal.m4. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  File: automake.info, Node: Timeline, Next: Dependency Tracking Evolution, Up: History 27.1 Timeline ============= 1994-09-19 First CVS commit. If we can trust the CVS repository, David J. MacKenzie (djm) started working on Automake (or AutoMake, as it was spelt then) this Monday. The first version of the `automake' script looks as follows. #!/bin/sh status=0 for makefile do if test ! -f ${makefile}.am; then echo "automake: ${makefile}.am: No such honkin' file" status=1 continue fi exec 4> ${makefile}.in done From this you can already see that Automake will be about reading `*.am' file and producing `*.in' files. You cannot see anything else, but if you also know that David is the one who created Autoconf two years before you can guess the rest. Several commits follow, and by the end of the day Automake is reported to work for GNU fileutils and GNU m4. The modus operandi is the one that is still used today: variables assignments in `Makefile.am' files trigger injections of precanned `Makefile' fragments into the generated `Makefile.in'. The use of `Makefile' fragments was inspired by the 4.4BSD `make' and include files, however Automake aims to be portable and to conform to the GNU standards for `Makefile' variables and targets. At this point, the most recent release of Autoconf is version 1.11, and David is preparing to release Autoconf 2.0 in late October. As a matter of fact, he will barely touch Automake after September. 1994-11-05 David MacKenzie's last commit. At this point Automake is a 200 line portable shell script, plus 332 lines of `Makefile' fragments. In the `README', David states his ambivalence between "portable shell" and "more appropriate language": I wrote it keeping in mind the possibility of it becoming an Autoconf macro, so it would run at configure-time. That would slow configuration down a bit, but allow users to modify the Makefile.am without needing to fetch the AutoMake package. And, the Makefile.in files wouldn't need to be distributed. But all of AutoMake would. So I might reimplement AutoMake in Perl, m4, or some other more appropriate language. Automake is described as "an experimental Makefile generator". There is no documentation. Adventurous users are referred to the examples and patches needed to use Automake with GNU m4 1.3, fileutils 3.9, time 1.6, and development versions of find and indent. These examples seem to have been lost. However at the time of writing (10 years later in September, 2004) the FSF still distributes a package that uses this version of Automake: check out GNU termutils 2.0. 1995-11-12 Tom Tromey's first commit. After one year of inactivity, Tom Tromey takes over the package. Tom was working on GNU cpio back then, and doing this just for fun, having trouble finding a project to contribute to. So while hacking he wanted to bring the `Makefile.in' up to GNU standards. This was hard, and one day he saw Automake on `ftp://alpha.gnu.org/', grabbed it and tried it out. Tom didn't talk to djm about it until later, just to make sure he didn't mind if he made a release. He did a bunch of early releases to the Gnits folks. Gnits was (and still is) totally informal, just a few GNU friends who Franc,ois Pinard knew, who were all interested in making a common infrastructure for GNU projects, and shared a similar outlook on how to do it. So they were able to make some progress. It came along with Autoconf and extensions thereof, and then Automake from David and Tom (who were both gnitsians). One of their ideas was to write a document paralleling the GNU standards, that was more strict in some ways and more detailed. They never finished the GNITS standards, but the ideas mostly made their way into Automake. 1995-11-23 Automake 0.20 Besides introducing automatic dependency tracking (*note Dependency Tracking Evolution::), this version also supplies a 9-page manual. At this time `aclocal' and `AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' did not exist, so many things had to be done by hand. For instance, here is what a configure.in (this is the former name of the `configure.ac' we use today) must contain in order to use Automake 0.20: PACKAGE=cpio VERSION=2.3.911 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PACKAGE, "$PACKAGE") AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(VERSION, "$VERSION") AC_SUBST(PACKAGE) AC_SUBST(VERSION) AC_ARG_PROGRAM AC_PROG_INSTALL (Today all of the above is achieved by `AC_INIT' and `AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE'.) Here is how programs are specified in `Makefile.am': PROGRAMS = hello hello_SOURCES = hello.c This looks pretty much like what we do today, except the `PROGRAMS' variable has no directory prefix specifying where `hello' should be installed: all programs are installed in `$(bindir)'. `LIBPROGRAMS' can be used to specify programs that must be built but not installed (it is called `noinst_PROGRAMS' nowadays). Programs can be built conditionally using `AC_SUBST'itutions: PROGRAMS = @progs@ AM_PROGRAMS = foo bar baz (`AM_PROGRAMS' has since then been renamed to `EXTRA_PROGRAMS'.) Similarly scripts, static libraries, and data can built and installed using the `LIBRARIES', `SCRIPTS', and `DATA' variables. However `LIBRARIES' were treated a bit specially in that Automake did automatically supply the `lib' and `.a' prefixes. Therefore to build `libcpio.a', one had to write LIBRARIES = cpio cpio_SOURCES = ... Extra files to distribute must be listed in `DIST_OTHER' (the ancestor of `EXTRA_DIST'). Also extra directories that are to be distributed should appear in `DIST_SUBDIRS', but the manual describes this as a temporary ugly hack (today extra directories should also be listed in `EXTRA_DIST', and `DIST_SUBDIRS' is used for another purpose, *note Conditional Subdirectories::). 1995-11-26 Automake 0.21 In less time that it takes to cook a frozen pizza, Tom rewrites Automake using Perl. At this time Perl 5 is only one year old, and Perl 4.036 is in use at many sites. Supporting several Perl versions has been a source of problems through the whole history of Automake. If you never used Perl 4, imagine Perl 5 without objects, without `my' variables (only dynamically scoped `local' variables), without function prototypes, with function calls that needs to be prefixed with `&', etc. Traces of this old style can still be found in today's `automake'. 1995-11-28 Automake 0.22 1995-11-29 Automake 0.23 Bug fixes. 1995-12-08 Automake 0.24 1995-12-10 Automake 0.25 Releases are raining. 0.24 introduces the uniform naming scheme we use today, i.e., `bin_PROGRAMS' instead of `PROGRAMS', `noinst_LIBRARIES' instead of `LIBLIBRARIES', etc. (However `EXTRA_PROGRAMS' does not exist yet, `AM_PROGRAMS' is still in use; and `TEXINFOS' and `MANS' still have no directory prefixes.) Adding support for prefixes like that was one of the major ideas in automake; it has lasted pretty well. AutoMake is renamed to Automake (Tom seems to recall it was Franc,ois Pinard's doing). 0.25 fixes a Perl 4 portability bug. 1995-12-18 Jim Meyering starts using Automake in GNU Textutils. 1995-12-31 Franc,ois Pinard starts using Automake in GNU tar. 1996-01-03 Automake 0.26 1996-01-03 Automake 0.27 Of the many change and suggestions sent by Franc,ois Pinard and included in 0.26, the most important is perhaps the advise that to ease customization a user rule or variable definition should always override an Automake rule or definition. Gordon Matzigkeit and Jim Meyering are two other early contributors that have been sending fixes. 0.27 fixes yet another Perl 4 portability bug. 1996-01-13 Automake 0.28 Automake starts scanning `configure.in' for `LIBOBJS' support. This is an important step because until this version Automake did only know about the `Makefile.am's it processed. `configure.in' was Autoconf's world and the link between Autoconf and Automake had to be done by the `Makefile.am' author. For instance, if `config.h' was generated by `configure', it was the package maintainer's responsibility to define the `CONFIG_HEADER' variable in each `Makefile.am'. Succeeding releases will rely more and more on scanning `configure.in' to better automate the Autoconf integration. 0.28 also introduces the `AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS' variable and the `--gnu' and `--gnits' options, the latter being stricter. 1996-02-07 Automake 0.29 Thanks to `configure.in' scanning, `CONFIG_HEADER' is gone, and rebuild rules for `configure'-generated file are automatically output. `TEXINFOS' and `MANS' converted to the uniform naming scheme. 1996-02-24 Automake 0.30 The test suite is born. It contains 9 tests. From now on test cases will be added pretty regularly (*note Releases::), and this proved to be really helpful later on. `EXTRA_PROGRAMS' finally replaces `AM_PROGRAMS'. All the third-party Autoconf macros, written mostly by Franc,ois Pinard (and later Jim Meyering), are distributed in Automake's hand-written `aclocal.m4' file. Package maintainers are expected to extract the necessary macros from this file. (In previous version you had to copy and paste them from the manual...) 1996-03-11 Automake 0.31 The test suite in 0.30 was run via a long `check-local' rule. Upon Ulrich Drepper's suggestion, 0.31 makes it an Automake rule output whenever the `TESTS' variable is defined. `DIST_OTHER' is renamed to `EXTRA_DIST', and the `check_' prefix is introduced. The syntax is now the same as today. 1996-03-15 Gordon Matzigkeit starts writing libtool. 1996-04-27 Automake 0.32 `-hook' targets are introduced; an idea from Dieter Baron. `*.info' files, which were output in the build directory are now built in the source directory, because they are distributed. It seems these files like to move back and forth as that will happen again in future versions. 1996-05-18 Automake 0.33 Gord Matzigkeit's main two contributions: * very preliminary libtool support * the distcheck rule Although they were very basic at this point, these are probably among the top features for Automake today. Jim Meyering also provides the infamous `jm_MAINTAINER_MODE', since then renamed to `AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' and abandoned by its author (*note maintainer-mode::). 1996-05-28 Automake 1.0 After only six months of heavy development, the automake script is 3134 lines long, plus 973 lines of `Makefile' fragments. The package has 30 pages of documentation, and 38 test cases. `aclocal.m4' contains 4 macros. From now on and until version 1.4, new releases will occur at a rate of about one a year. 1.1 did not exist, actually 1.1b to 1.1p have been the name of beta releases for 1.2. This is the first time Automake uses suffix letters to designate beta releases, an habit that lasts. 1996-10-10 Kevin Dalley packages Automake 1.0 for Debian GNU/Linux. 1996-11-26 David J. MacKenzie releases Autoconf 2.12. Between June and October, the Autoconf development is almost staled. Roland McGrath has been working at the beginning of the year. David comes back in November to release 2.12, but he won't touch Autoconf anymore after this year, and Autoconf then really stagnates. The desolate Autoconf `ChangeLog' for 1997 lists only 7 commits. 1997-02-28 list alive The mailing list is announced as follows: I've created the "automake" mailing list. It is "automake@gnu.ai.mit.edu". Administrivia, as always, to automake-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu. The charter of this list is discussion of automake, autoconf, and other configuration/portability tools (eg libtool). It is expected that discussion will range from pleas for help all the way up to patches. This list is archived on the FSF machines. Offhand I don't know if you can get the archive without an account there. This list is open to anybody who wants to join. Tell all your friends! -- Tom Tromey Before that people were discussing Automake privately, on the Gnits mailing list (which is not public either), and less frequently on `gnu.misc.discuss'. `gnu.ai.mit.edu' is now `gnu.org', in case you never noticed. The archives of the early years of the `automake@gnu.org' list have been lost, so today it is almost impossible to find traces of discussions that occurred before 1999. This has been annoying more than once, as such discussions can be useful to understand the rationale behind a piece of uncommented code that was introduced back then. 1997-06-22 Automake 1.2 Automake developments continues, and more and more new Autoconf macros are required. Distributing them in `aclocal.m4' and requiring people to browse this file to extract the relevant macros becomes uncomfortable. Ideally, some of them should be contributed to Autoconf so that they can be used directly, however Autoconf is currently inactive. Automake 1.2 consequently introduces `aclocal' (`aclocal' was actually started on 1996-07-28), a tool that automatically constructs an `aclocal.m4' file from a repository of third-party macros. Because Autoconf has stalled, Automake also becomes a kind of repository for such third-party macros, even macros completely unrelated to Automake (for instance macros that fix broken Autoconf macros). The 1.2 release contains 20 macros, among which the `AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' macro that simplifies the creation of `configure.in'. Libtool is fully supported using `*_LTLIBRARIES'. The missing script is introduced by Franc,ois Pinard; it is meant to be a better solution than `AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' (*note maintainer-mode::). Conditionals support was implemented by Ian Lance Taylor. At the time, Tom and Ian were working on an internal project at Cygnus. They were using ILU, which is pretty similar to CORBA. They wanted to integrate ILU into their build, which was all `configure'-based, and Ian thought that adding conditionals to `automake' was simpler than doing all the work in `configure' (which was the standard at the time). So this was actually funded by Cygnus. This very useful but tricky feature will take a lot of time to stabilize. (At the time this text is written, there are still primaries that have not been updated to support conditional definitions in Automake 1.9.) The `automake' script has almost doubled: 6089 lines of Perl, plus 1294 lines of `Makefile' fragments. 1997-07-08 Gordon Matzigkeit releases Libtool 1.0. 1998-04-05 Automake 1.3 This is a small advance compared to 1.2. It add support for assembly, and preliminary support for Java. Perl 5.004_04 is out, but fixes to support Perl 4 are still regularly submitted whenever Automake breaks it. 1998-09-06 `sourceware.cygnus.com' is on-line. Sourceware was setup by Jason Molenda to host open source projects. 1998-09-19 Automake CVS repository moved to `sourceware.cygnus.com' 1998-10-26 `sourceware.cygnus.com' announces it hosts Automake Automake is now hosted on `sourceware.cygnus.com'. It has a publicly accessible CVS repository. This CVS repository is a copy of the one Tom was using on his machine, which in turn is based on a copy of the CVS repository of David MacKenzie. This is why we still have to full source history. (Automake is still on Sourceware today, but the host has been renamed to `sources.redhat.com'.) The oldest file in the administrative directory of the CVS repository that was created on Sourceware is dated 1998-09-19, while the announcement that `automake' and `autoconf' had joined `sourceware' was made on 1998-10-26. They were among the first projects to be hosted there. The heedful reader will have noticed Automake was exactly 4-year-old on 1998-09-19. 1999-01-05 Ben Elliston releases Autoconf 2.13. 1999-01-14 Automake 1.4 This release adds support for Fortran 77 and for the `include' statement. Also, `+=' assignments are introduced, but it is still quite easy to fool Automake when mixing this with conditionals. These two releases, Automake 1.4 and Autoconf 2.13 makes a duo that will be used together for years. `automake' is 7228 lines, plus 1591 lines of Makefile fragment, 20 macros (some 1.3 macros were finally contributed back to Autoconf), 197 test cases, and 51 pages of documentation. 1999-03-27 The `user-dep-branch' is created on the CVS repository. This implements a new dependency tracking schemed that should be able to handle automatic dependency tracking using any compiler (not just gcc) and any make (not just GNU `make'). In addition, the new scheme should be more reliable than the old one, as dependencies are generated on the end user's machine. Alexandre Oliva creates depcomp for this purpose. *Note Dependency Tracking Evolution::, for more details about the evolution of automatic dependency tracking in Automake. 1999-11-21 The `user-dep-branch' is merged into the main trunk. This was a huge problem since we also had patches going in on the trunk. The merge took a long time and was very painful. 2000-05-10 Since September 1999 and until 2003, Akim Demaille will be zealously revamping Autoconf. I think the next release should be called "3.0". Let's face it: you've basically rewritten autoconf. Every weekend there are 30 new patches. I don't see how we could call this "2.15" with a straight face. - Tom Tromey on Actually Akim works like a submarine: he will pile up patches while he works off-line during the weekend, and flush them in batch when he resurfaces on Monday. 2001-01-24 On this Wednesday, Autoconf 2.49c, the last beta before Autoconf 2.50 is out, and Akim has to find something to do during his week-end :) 2001-01-28 Akim sends a batch of 14 patches to . Aiieeee! I was dreading the day that the Demaillator turned his sights on automake... and now it has arrived! - Tom Tromey It's only the beginning: in two months he will send 192 patches. Then he would slow down so Tom can catch up and review all this. Initially Tom actually read all these patches, then he probably trustingly answered OK to most of them, and finally gave up and let Akim apply whatever he wanted. There was no way to keep up with that patch rate. Anyway the patch below won't apply since it predates Akim's sourcequake; I have yet to figure where the relevant passage has been moved :) - Alexandre Duret-Lutz All these patches were sent to and discussed on , so subscribed users were literally drown in technical mails. Eventually, the mailing list was created in May. Year after year, Automake had drifted away from its initial design: construct `Makefile.in' by assembling various `Makefile' fragments. In 1.4, lots of `Makefile' rules are being emitted at various places in the `automake' script itself; this does not help ensuring a consistent treatment of these rules (for instance making sure that user-defined rules override Automake's own rules). One of Akim's goal was moving all these hard-coded rules to separate `Makefile' fragments, so the logic could be centralized in a `Makefile' fragment processor. Another significant contribution of Akim is the interface with the "trace" feature of Autoconf. The way to scan `configure.in' at this time was to read the file and grep the various macro of interest to Automake. Doing so could break in many unexpected ways; automake could miss some definition (for instance `AC_SUBST([$1], [$2])' where the arguments are known only when M4 is run), or conversely it could detect some macro that was not expanded (because it is called conditionally). In the CVS version of Autoconf, Akim had implemented the `--trace' option, which provides accurate information about where macros are actually called and with what arguments. Akim will equip Automake with a second `configure.in' scanner that uses this `--trace' interface. Since it was not sensible to drop the Autoconf 2.13 compatibility yet, this experimental scanner was only used when an environment variable was set, the traditional grep-scanner being still the default. 2001-04-25 Gary V. Vaughan releases Libtool 1.4 It has been more than two years since Automake 1.4, CVS Automake has suffered lot's of heavy changes and still is not ready for release. Libtool 1.4 had to be distributed with a patch against Automake 1.4. 2001-05-08 Automake 1.4-p1 2001-05-24 Automake 1.4-p2 Gary V. Vaughan, the principal Libtool maintainer, makes a "patch release" of Automake: The main purpose of this release is to have a stable automake which is compatible with the latest stable libtool. The release also contains obvious fixes for bugs in Automake 1.4, some of which were reported almost monthly. 2001-05-21 Akim Demaille releases Autoconf 2.50 2001-06-07 Automake 1.4-p3 2001-06-10 Automake 1.4-p4 2001-07-15 Automake 1.4-p5 Gary continues his patch-release series. These also add support for some new Autoconf 2.50 idioms. Essentially, Autoconf now advocates `configure.ac' over `configure.in', and it introduces a new syntax for `AC_OUTPUT'ing files. 2001-08-23 Automake 1.5 A major and long-awaited release, that comes more than two years after 1.4. It brings many changes, among which: * The new dependency tracking scheme that uses `depcomp'. Aside from the improvement on the dependency tracking itself (*note Dependency Tracking Evolution::), this also streamlines the use of automake generated `Makefile.in's as the `Makefile.in's used during development are now the same as those used in distributions. Before that the `Makefile.in's generated for maintainers required GNU `make' and GCC, they were different from the portable `Makefile' generated for distribution; this was causing some confusion. * Support for per-target compilation flags. * Support for reference to files in subdirectories in most `Makefile.am' variables. * Introduction of the `dist_', `nodist_', and `nobase_' prefixes. * Perl 4 support is finally dropped. 1.5 did broke several packages that worked with 1.4. Enough so that Linux distributions could not easily install the new Automake version without breaking many of the packages for which they had to run `automake'. Some of these breakages were effectively bugs that would eventually be fixed in the next release. However, a lot of damage was caused by some changes made deliberately to render Automake stricter on some setup we did consider bogus. For instance, `make distcheck' was improved to check that `make uninstall' did remove all the files `make install' installed, that `make distclean' did not omit some file, and that a VPATH build would work even if the source directory was read-only. Similarly, Automake now rejects multiple definitions of the same variable (because that would mix very badly with conditionals), and `+=' assignments with no previous definition. Because these changes all occurred suddenly after 1.4 had been established for more that two years, it hurt users. To make matter worse, meanwhile Autoconf (now at version 2.52) was facing similar troubles, for similar reasons. 2002-03-05 Automake 1.6 This release introduced versioned installation (*note API versioning::). This was mainly pushed by Havoc Pennington, taking the GNOME source tree as motive: due to incompatibilities between the autotools it's impossible for the GNOME packages to switch to Autoconf 2.53 and Automake 1.5 all at once, so they are currently stuck with Autoconf 2.13 and Automake 1.4. The idea was to call this version `automake-1.6', call all its bug-fix versions identically, and switch to `automake-1.7' for the next release that adds new features or changes some rules. This scheme implies maintaining a bug-fix branch in addition to the development trunk, which means more work from the maintainer, but providing regular bug-fix releases proved to be really worthwhile. Like 1.5, 1.6 also introduced a bunch of incompatibilities, meant or not. Perhaps the more annoying was the dependence on the newly released Autoconf 2.53. Autoconf seemed to have stabilized enough since its explosive 2.50 release, and included changes required to fix some bugs in Automake. In order to upgrade to Automake 1.6, people now had to upgrade Autoconf too; for some packages it was no picnic. While versioned installation helped people to upgrade, it also unfortunately allowed people not to upgrade. At the time of writing, some Linux distributions are shipping packages for Automake 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9. Most of these still install 1.4 by default. Some distribution also call 1.4 the "stable" version, and present "1.9" as the development version; this does not really makes sense since 1.9 is way more solid than 1.4. All this does not help the newcomer. 2002-04-11 Automake 1.6.1 1.6, and the upcoming 1.4-p6 release were the last release by Tom. This one and those following will be handled by Alexandre Duret-Lutz. Tom is still around, and will be there until about 1.7, but his interest into Automake is drifting away towards projects like `gcj'. Alexandre has been using Automake since 2000, and started to contribute mostly on Akim's incitement (Akim and Alexandre have been working in the same room from 1999 to 2002). In 2001 and 2002 he had a lot of free time to enjoy hacking Automake. 2002-06-14 Automake 1.6.2 2002-07-28 Automake 1.6.3 2002-07-28 Automake 1.4-p6 Two releases on the same day. 1.6.3 is a bug-fix release. Tom Tromey backported the versioned installation mechanism on the 1.4 branch, so that Automake 1.6.x and Automake 1.4-p6 could be installed side by side. Another request from the GNOME folks. 2002-09-25 Automake 1.7 This release switches to the new `configure.ac' scanner Akim was experimenting in 1.5. 2002-10-16 Automake 1.7.1 2002-12-06 Automake 1.7.2 2003-02-20 Automake 1.7.3 2003-04-23 Automake 1.7.4 2003-05-18 Automake 1.7.5 2003-07-10 Automake 1.7.6 2003-09-07 Automake 1.7.7 2003-10-07 Automake 1.7.8 Many bug-fix releases. 1.7 lasted because the development version (upcoming 1.8) was suffering some major internal revamping. 2003-10-26 Automake on screen Episode 49, `Repercussions', in the third season of the `Alias' TV show is first aired. Marshall, one of the character, is working on a computer virus that he has to modify before it gets into the wrong hands or something like that. The screenshots you see do not show any program code, they show a `Makefile.in' `generated by automake'... 2003-11-09 Automake 1.7.9 2003-12-10 Automake 1.8 The most striking update is probably that of `aclocal'. `aclocal' now uses `m4_include' in the produced `aclocal.m4' when the included macros are already distributed with the package (an idiom used in many packages), which reduces code duplication. Many people liked that, but in fact this change was really introduced to fix a bug in rebuild rules: `Makefile.in' must be rebuilt whenever a dependency of `configure' changes, but all the `m4' files included in `aclocal.m4' where unknown from `automake'. Now `automake' can just trace the `m4_include's to discover the dependencies. `aclocal' also starts using the `--trace' Autoconf option in order to discover used macros more accurately. This will turn out to be very tricky (later releases will improve this) as people had devised many ways to cope with the limitation of previous `aclocal' versions, notably using handwritten `m4_include's: `aclocal' must make sure not to redefine a rule that is already included by such statement. Automake also has seen its guts rewritten. Although this rewriting took a lot of efforts, it is only apparent to the users in that some constructions previously disallowed by the implementation now work nicely. Conditionals, Locations, Variable and Rule definitions, Options: these items on which Automake works have been rewritten as separate Perl modules, and documented. 2004-01-11 Automake 1.8.1 2004-01-12 Automake 1.8.2 2004-03-07 Automake 1.8.3 2004-04-25 Automake 1.8.4 2004-05-16 Automake 1.8.5 2004-07-28 Automake 1.9 This release tries to simplify the compilation rules it outputs to reduce the size of the Makefile. The complaint initially come from the libgcj developers. Their `Makefile.in' generated with Automake 1.4 and custom build rules (1.4 did not support compiled Java) is 250KB. The one generated by 1.8 was over 9MB! 1.9 gets it down to 1.2MB. Aside from this it contains mainly minor changes and bug-fixes. 2004-08-11 Automake 1.9.1 2004-09-19 Automake 1.9.2 Automake has ten years. This chapter of the manual was initially written for this occasion.  File: automake.info, Node: Dependency Tracking Evolution, Next: Releases, Prev: Timeline, Up: History 27.2 Dependency Tracking in Automake ==================================== Over the years Automake has deployed three different dependency tracking methods. Each method, including the current one, has had flaws of various sorts. Here we lay out the different dependency tracking methods, their flaws, and their fixes. We conclude with recommendations for tool writers, and by indicating future directions for dependency tracking work in Automake. 27.2.1 First Take ----------------- Description ........... Our first attempt at automatic dependency tracking was based on the method recommended by GNU `make'. (*note Generating Prerequisites Automatically: (make)Automatic Prerequisites.) This version worked by precomputing dependencies ahead of time. For each source file, it had a special `.P' file that held the dependencies. There was a rule to generate a `.P' file by invoking the compiler appropriately. All such `.P' files were included by the `Makefile', thus implicitly becoming dependencies of `Makefile'. Bugs .... This approach had several critical bugs. * The code to generate the `.P' file relied on `gcc'. (A limitation, not technically a bug.) * The dependency tracking mechanism itself relied on GNU `make'. (A limitation, not technically a bug.) * Because each `.P' file was a dependency of `Makefile', this meant that dependency tracking was done eagerly by `make'. For instance, `make clean' would cause all the dependency files to be updated, and then immediately removed. This eagerness also caused problems with some configurations; if a certain source file could not be compiled on a given architecture for some reason, dependency tracking would fail, aborting the entire build. * As dependency tracking was done as a pre-pass, compile times were doubled-the compiler had to be run twice per source file. * `make dist' re-ran `automake' to generate a `Makefile' that did not have automatic dependency tracking (and that was thus portable to any version of `make'). In order to do this portably, Automake had to scan the dependency files and remove any reference that was to a source file not in the distribution. This process was error-prone. Also, if `make dist' was run in an environment where some object file had a dependency on a source file that was only conditionally created, Automake would generate a `Makefile' that referred to a file that might not appear in the end user's build. A special, hacky mechanism was required to work around this. Historical Note ............... The code generated by Automake is often inspired by the `Makefile' style of a particular author. In the case of the first implementation of dependency tracking, I believe the impetus and inspiration was Jim Meyering. (I could be mistaken. If you know otherwise feel free to correct me.) 27.2.2 Dependencies As Side Effects ----------------------------------- Description ........... The next refinement of Automake's automatic dependency tracking scheme was to implement dependencies as side effects of the compilation. This was aimed at solving the most commonly reported problems with the first approach. In particular we were most concerned with eliminating the weird rebuilding effect associated with make clean. In this approach, the `.P' files were included using the `-include' command, which let us create these files lazily. This avoided the `make clean' problem. We only computed dependencies when a file was actually compiled. This avoided the performance penalty associated with scanning each file twice. It also let us avoid the other problems associated with the first, eager, implementation. For instance, dependencies would never be generated for a source file that was not compilable on a given architecture (because it in fact would never be compiled). Bugs .... * This approach also relied on the existence of `gcc' and GNU `make'. (A limitation, not technically a bug.) * Dependency tracking was still done by the developer, so the problems from the first implementation relating to massaging of dependencies by `make dist' were still in effect. * This implementation suffered from the "deleted header file" problem. Suppose a lazily-created `.P' file includes a dependency on a given header file, like this: maude.o: maude.c something.h Now suppose that the developer removes `something.h' and updates `maude.c' so that this include is no longer needed. If he runs `make', he will get an error because there is no way to create `something.h'. We fixed this problem in a later release by further massaging the output of `gcc' to include a dummy dependency for each header file. 27.2.3 Dependencies for the User -------------------------------- Description ........... The bugs associated with `make dist', over time, became a real problem. Packages using Automake were being built on a large number of platforms, and were becoming increasingly complex. Broken dependencies were distributed in "portable" `Makefile.in's, leading to user complaints. Also, the requirement for `gcc' and GNU `make' was a constant source of bug reports. The next implementation of dependency tracking aimed to remove these problems. We realized that the only truly reliable way to automatically track dependencies was to do it when the package itself was built. This meant discovering a method portable to any version of make and any compiler. Also, we wanted to preserve what we saw as the best point of the second implementation: dependency computation as a side effect of compilation. In the end we found that most modern make implementations support some form of include directive. Also, we wrote a wrapper script that let us abstract away differences between dependency tracking methods for compilers. For instance, some compilers cannot generate dependencies as a side effect of compilation. In this case we simply have the script run the compiler twice. Currently our wrapper script (`depcomp') knows about twelve different compilers (including a "compiler" that simply invokes `makedepend' and then the real compiler, which is assumed to be a standard Unix-like C compiler with no way to do dependency tracking). Bugs .... * Running a wrapper script for each compilation slows down the build. * Many users don't really care about precise dependencies. * This implementation, like every other automatic dependency tracking scheme in common use today (indeed, every one we've ever heard of), suffers from the "duplicated new header" bug. This bug occurs because dependency tracking tools, such as the compiler, only generate dependencies on the successful opening of a file, and not on every probe. Suppose for instance that the compiler searches three directories for a given header, and that the header is found in the third directory. If the programmer erroneously adds a header file with the same name to the first directory, then a clean rebuild from scratch could fail (suppose the new header file is buggy), whereas an incremental rebuild will succeed. What has happened here is that people have a misunderstanding of what a dependency is. Tool writers think a dependency encodes information about which files were read by the compiler. However, a dependency must actually encode information about what the compiler tried to do. This problem is not serious in practice. Programmers typically do not use the same name for a header file twice in a given project. (At least, not in C or C++. This problem may be more troublesome in Java.) This problem is easy to fix, by modifying dependency generators to record every probe, instead of every successful open. * Since automake generates dependencies as a side effect of compilation, there is a bootstrapping problem when header files are generated by running a program. The problem is that, the first time the build is done, there is no way by default to know that the headers are required, so make might try to run a compilation for which the headers have not yet been built. This was also a problem in the previous dependency tracking implementation. The current fix is to use `BUILT_SOURCES' to list built headers (*note Sources::). This causes them to be built before any other other build rules are run. This is unsatisfactory as a general solution, however in practice it seems sufficient for most actual programs. This code is used since Automake 1.5. In GCC 3.0, we managed to convince the maintainers to add special command-line options to help Automake more efficiently do its job. We hoped this would let us avoid the use of a wrapper script when Automake's automatic dependency tracking was used with `gcc'. Unfortunately, this code doesn't quite do what we want. In particular, it removes the dependency file if the compilation fails; we'd prefer that it instead only touch the file in any way if the compilation succeeds. Nevertheless, since Automake 1.7, when a recent `gcc' is detected at `configure' time, we inline the dependency-generation code and do not use the `depcomp' wrapper script. This makes compilations faster for those using this compiler (probably our primary user base). The counterpart is that because we have to encode two compilation rules in `Makefile' (with or without `depcomp'), the produced `Makefile's are larger. 27.2.4 Techniques for Computing Dependencies -------------------------------------------- There are actually several ways for a build tool like Automake to cause tools to generate dependencies. `makedepend' This was a commonly-used method in the past. The idea is to run a special program over the source and have it generate dependency information. Traditional implementations of `makedepend' ere not completely precise; ordinarily they were conservative and discovered too many dependencies. The tool An obvious way to generate dependencies is to simply write the tool so that it can generate the information needed by the build tool. This is also the most portable method. Many compilers have an option to generate dependencies. Unfortunately, not all tools provide such an option. The file system It is possible to write a special file system that tracks opens, reads, writes, etc, and then feed this information back to the build tool. `clearmake' does this. This is a very powerful technique, as it doesn't require cooperation from the tool. Unfortunately it is also very difficult to implement and also not practical in the general case. `LD_PRELOAD' Rather than use the file system, one could write a special library to intercept `open' and other syscalls. This technique is also quite powerful, but unfortunately it is not portable enough for use in `automake'. 27.2.5 Recommendations for Tool Writers --------------------------------------- We think that every compilation tool ought to be able to generate dependencies as a side effect of compilation. Furthermore, at least while `make'-based tools are nearly universally in use (at least in the free software community), the tool itself should generate dummy dependencies for header files, to avoid the deleted header file bug. Finally, the tool should generate a dependency for each probe, instead of each successful file open, in order to avoid the duplicated new header bug. 27.2.6 Future Directions for Automake's Dependency Tracking ----------------------------------------------------------- Currently, only languages and compilers understood by Automake can have dependency tracking enabled. We would like to see if it is practical (and worthwhile) to let this support be extended by the user to languages unknown to Automake.  File: automake.info, Node: Releases, Prev: Dependency Tracking Evolution, Up: History 27.3 Release Statistics ======================= The following table (inspired by `perlhist(1)') quantifies the evolution of Automake using these metrics: Date, Rel The date and version of the release. am The number of lines of the `automake' script. acl The number of lines of the `aclocal' script. pm The number of lines of the `Perl' supporting modules. `*.am' The number of lines of the `Makefile' fragments. The number in parenthesis is the number of files. m4 The number of lines (and files) of Autoconf macros. doc The number of pages of the documentation (the Postscript version). t The number of test cases in the test suite. Date Rel am acl pm `*.am' m4 doc t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1994-09-19 CVS 141 299 (24) 1994-11-05 CVS 208 332 (28) 1995-11-23 0.20 533 458 (35) 9 1995-11-26 0.21 613 480 (36) 11 1995-11-28 0.22 1116 539 (38) 12 1995-11-29 0.23 1240 541 (38) 12 1995-12-08 0.24 1462 504 (33) 14 1995-12-10 0.25 1513 511 (37) 15 1996-01-03 0.26 1706 438 (36) 16 1996-01-03 0.27 1706 438 (36) 16 1996-01-13 0.28 1964 934 (33) 16 1996-02-07 0.29 2299 936 (33) 17 1996-02-24 0.30 2544 919 (32) 85 (1) 20 9 1996-03-11 0.31 2877 919 (32) 85 (1) 29 17 1996-04-27 0.32 3058 921 (31) 85 (1) 30 26 1996-05-18 0.33 3110 926 (31) 105 (1) 30 35 1996-05-28 1.0 3134 973 (32) 105 (1) 30 38 1997-06-22 1.2 6089 385 1294 (36) 592 (23) 37 126 1998-04-05 1.3 6415 422 1470 (39) 741 (26) 39 156 1999-01-14 1.4 7240 426 1591 (40) 734 (23) 51 197 2001-05-08 1.4-p1 7251 426 1591 (40) 734 (23) 51 197 2001-05-24 1.4-p2 7268 439 1591 (40) 734 (23) 49 197 2001-06-07 1.4-p3 7312 439 1591 (40) 734 (23) 49 197 2001-06-10 1.4-p4 7321 439 1591 (40) 734 (23) 49 198 2001-07-15 1.4-p5 7228 426 1596 (40) 734 (23) 51 198 2001-08-23 1.5 8016 475 600 2654 (39) 1166 (32) 63 327 2002-03-05 1.6 8465 475 1136 2732 (39) 1603 (31) 66 365 2002-04-11 1.6.1 8544 475 1136 2741 (39) 1603 (31) 66 372 2002-06-14 1.6.2 8575 475 1136 2800 (39) 1609 (31) 67 386 2002-07-28 1.6.3 8600 475 1153 2809 (39) 1609 (31) 67 391 2002-07-28 1.4-p6 7332 455 1596 (40) 735 (24) 49 197 2002-09-25 1.7 9189 471 1790 2965 (39) 1606 (33) 73 430 2002-10-16 1.7.1 9229 475 1790 2977 (39) 1606 (33) 73 437 2002-12-06 1.7.2 9334 475 1790 2988 (39) 1606 (33) 77 445 2003-02-20 1.7.3 9389 475 1790 3023 (39) 1651 (34) 84 448 2003-04-23 1.7.4 9429 475 1790 3031 (39) 1644 (34) 85 458 2003-05-18 1.7.5 9429 475 1790 3033 (39) 1645 (34) 85 459 2003-07-10 1.7.6 9442 475 1790 3033 (39) 1660 (34) 85 461 2003-09-07 1.7.7 9443 475 1790 3041 (39) 1660 (34) 90 467 2003-10-07 1.7.8 9444 475 1790 3041 (39) 1660 (34) 90 468 2003-11-09 1.7.9 9444 475 1790 3048 (39) 1660 (34) 90 468 2003-12-10 1.8 7171 585 7730 3236 (39) 1666 (36) 104 521 2004-01-11 1.8.1 7217 663 7726 3287 (39) 1686 (36) 104 525 2004-01-12 1.8.2 7217 663 7726 3288 (39) 1686 (36) 104 526 2004-03-07 1.8.3 7214 686 7735 3303 (39) 1695 (36) 111 530 2004-04-25 1.8.4 7214 686 7736 3310 (39) 1701 (36) 112 531 2004-05-16 1.8.5 7240 686 7736 3299 (39) 1701 (36) 112 533 2004-07-28 1.9 7508 715 7794 3352 (40) 1812 (37) 115 551 2004-08-11 1.9.1 7512 715 7794 3354 (40) 1812 (37) 115 552 2004-09-19 1.9.2 7512 715 7794 3354 (40) 1812 (37) 132 554  File: automake.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Indices, Prev: History, Up: Top Appendix A Copying This Manual ****************************** * Menu: * GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual  File: automake.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual A.1 GNU Free Documentation License ================================== Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. 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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: automake.info, Node: Indices, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top Appendix B Indices ****************** * Menu: * Macro Index:: Index of Autoconf macros * Variable Index:: Index of Makefile variables * General Index:: General index  File: automake.info, Node: Macro Index, Next: Variable Index, Up: Indices B.1 Macro Index =============== [index] * Menu: * _AM_DEPENDENCIES: Private macros. (line 12) * AC_CANONICAL_BUILD: Optional. (line 43) * AC_CANONICAL_HOST: Optional. (line 44) * AC_CANONICAL_TARGET: Optional. (line 45) * AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR <1>: Subpackages. (line 6) * AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR: Optional. (line 21) * AC_CONFIG_FILES: Requirements. (line 15) * AC_CONFIG_HEADERS: Optional. (line 11) * AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR: LIBOBJS. (line 48) * AC_CONFIG_LINKS: Optional. (line 16) * AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS: Subpackages. (line 6) * AC_DEFUN: Extending aclocal. (line 33) * AC_F77_LIBRARY_LDFLAGS: Optional. (line 80) * AC_INIT: Public macros. (line 32) * AC_LIBOBJ <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 11) * AC_LIBOBJ <2>: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * AC_LIBOBJ: Optional. (line 53) * AC_LIBSOURCE <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 17) * AC_LIBSOURCE: Optional. (line 51) * AC_LIBSOURCES: Optional. (line 52) * AC_OUTPUT: Requirements. (line 15) * AC_PREREQ: Extending aclocal. (line 33) * AC_PROG_CC_C_O: Public macros. (line 87) * AC_PROG_CXX: Optional. (line 71) * AC_PROG_F77: Optional. (line 75) * AC_PROG_FC: Optional. (line 86) * AC_PROG_LEX <1>: Public macros. (line 92) * AC_PROG_LEX: Optional. (line 101) * AC_PROG_LIBTOOL: Optional. (line 91) * AC_PROG_RANLIB: Optional. (line 67) * AC_PROG_YACC: Optional. (line 95) * AC_SUBST: Optional. (line 105) * AM_C_PROTOTYPES <1>: ANSI. (line 27) * AM_C_PROTOTYPES <2>: Public macros. (line 7) * AM_C_PROTOTYPES: Optional. (line 116) * AM_CONDITIONAL: Conditionals. (line 8) * AM_CONFIG_HEADER: Obsolete macros. (line 13) * AM_DEP_TRACK: Private macros. (line 14) * AM_ENABLE_MULTILIB: Public macros. (line 14) * AM_GNU_GETTEXT: Optional. (line 120) * AM_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ_NEEDS_SYS_IOCTL: Obsolete macros. (line 18) * AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE <1>: Public macros. (line 23) * AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: Requirements. (line 6) * AM_MAINTAINER_MODE <1>: maintainer-mode. (line 36) * AM_MAINTAINER_MODE <2>: Rebuilding. (line 9) * AM_MAINTAINER_MODE: Optional. (line 126) * AM_MAKE_INCLUDE: Private macros. (line 20) * AM_OUTPUT_DEPENDENCY_COMMANDS: Private macros. (line 15) * AM_PATH_LISPDIR: Public macros. (line 67) * AM_PATH_PYTHON: Python. (line 25) * AM_PROG_AS: Public macros. (line 82) * AM_PROG_CC_C_O: Public macros. (line 87) * AM_PROG_GCJ: Public macros. (line 97) * AM_PROG_INSTALL_STRIP: Private macros. (line 25) * AM_PROG_LEX: Public macros. (line 92) * AM_SANITY_CHECK: Private macros. (line 30) * AM_SET_DEPDIR: Private macros. (line 13) * AM_SYS_POSIX_TERMIOS: Obsolete macros. (line 24) * AM_WITH_DMALLOC: Public macros. (line 102) * AM_WITH_REGEX: Public macros. (line 107) * m4_include <1>: Dist. (line 17) * m4_include: Optional. (line 134)  File: automake.info, Node: Variable Index, Next: General Index, Prev: Macro Index, Up: Indices B.2 Variable Index ================== [index] * Menu: * _DATA: Data. (line 6) * _HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * _LIBRARIES: A Library. (line 6) * _LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * _LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * _MANS: Man pages. (line 6) * _PROGRAMS <1>: Program Sources. (line 6) * _PROGRAMS: Uniform. (line 11) * _PYTHON: Python. (line 6) * _SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 6) * _SOURCES <1>: Default _SOURCES. (line 6) * _SOURCES: Program Sources. (line 32) * _TEXINFOS: Texinfo. (line 6) * ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS <1>: Rebuilding. (line 12) * ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS: Local Macros. (line 19) * ALLOCA <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * ALLOCA: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * AM_CCASFLAGS: Assembly Support. (line 8) * AM_CFLAGS: Program variables. (line 36) * AM_CPPFLAGS: Program variables. (line 15) * AM_CXXFLAGS: C++ Support. (line 22) * AM_ETAGSFLAGS: Tags. (line 25) * AM_FCFLAGS: Fortran 9x Support. (line 22) * AM_FFLAGS: Fortran 77 Support. (line 22) * AM_GCJFLAGS: Java Support. (line 24) * AM_INSTALLCHECK_STD_OPTIONS_EXEMPT: Options. (line 119) * AM_JAVACFLAGS: Java. (line 36) * AM_LDFLAGS <1>: Program variables. (line 46) * AM_LDFLAGS: Linking. (line 10) * AM_LFLAGS: Yacc and Lex. (line 56) * AM_MAKEFLAGS: Subdirectories. (line 29) * AM_MAKEINFOFLAGS: Texinfo. (line 87) * AM_MAKEINFOHTMLFLAGS: Texinfo. (line 88) * AM_RFLAGS: Fortran 77 Support. (line 28) * AM_RUNTESTFLAGS: Tests. (line 62) * AM_YFLAGS: Yacc and Lex. (line 33) * ANSI2KNR: Public macros. (line 7) * AUTOCONF: Invoking Automake. (line 28) * AUTOM4TE: Invoking aclocal. (line 45) * AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS <1>: Options. (line 11) * AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS <2>: Dependencies. (line 34) * AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS <3>: ANSI. (line 14) * AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS: Public macros. (line 26) * bin_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * bin_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * build_triplet: Optional. (line 46) * BUILT_SOURCES: Sources. (line 27) * CC: Program variables. (line 11) * CCAS <1>: Assembly Support. (line 8) * CCAS: Public macros. (line 82) * CCASFLAGS <1>: Assembly Support. (line 8) * CCASFLAGS: Public macros. (line 82) * CFLAGS: Program variables. (line 11) * check_: Uniform. (line 74) * check_LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Convenience Libraries. (line 6) * check_PROGRAMS <1>: Default _SOURCES. (line 29) * check_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * check_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * CLASSPATH_ENV: Java. (line 45) * CLEANFILES: Clean. (line 13) * COMPILE: Program variables. (line 42) * CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES: Rebuilding. (line 19) * CONFIGURE_DEPENDENCIES: Rebuilding. (line 19) * CPPFLAGS: Program variables. (line 11) * CXX: C++ Support. (line 16) * CXXCOMPILE: C++ Support. (line 25) * CXXFLAGS: C++ Support. (line 19) * CXXLINK <1>: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 12) * CXXLINK: C++ Support. (line 29) * DATA <1>: Data. (line 7) * DATA: Uniform. (line 79) * data_DATA: Data. (line 9) * DEFS: Program variables. (line 11) * DEJATOOL: Tests. (line 57) * DESTDIR: Install. (line 79) * dist_ <1>: Dist. (line 53) * dist_: Alternative. (line 30) * dist_lisp_LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 11) * dist_noinst_LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 11) * DIST_SUBDIRS <1>: Dist. (line 41) * DIST_SUBDIRS: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 84) * DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS: Dist. (line 117) * distcleancheck_listfiles <1>: distcleancheck. (line 114) * distcleancheck_listfiles: Dist. (line 111) * DISTCLEANFILES <1>: Dist. (line 133) * DISTCLEANFILES: Clean. (line 13) * distdir <1>: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 25) * distdir: Dist. (line 89) * distuninstallcheck_listfiles: Dist. (line 111) * DVIPS: Texinfo. (line 113) * EMACS: Public macros. (line 67) * ETAGS_ARGS: Tags. (line 25) * ETAGSFLAGS: Tags. (line 25) * EXPECT: Tests. (line 57) * EXTRA_DIST: Dist. (line 30) * EXTRA_maude_SOURCES: Program and Library Variables. (line 53) * EXTRA_PROGRAMS: Conditional Programs. (line 15) * F77: Fortran 77 Support. (line 16) * F77COMPILE: Fortran 77 Support. (line 31) * F77LINK: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 14) * FC: Fortran 9x Support. (line 16) * FCCOMPILE: Fortran 9x Support. (line 25) * FCFLAGS: Fortran 9x Support. (line 19) * FCLINK <1>: Fortran 9x Support. (line 29) * FCLINK: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 16) * FFLAGS: Fortran 77 Support. (line 19) * FLIBS: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 21) * FLINK: Fortran 77 Support. (line 35) * GCJ: Public macros. (line 97) * GCJFLAGS <1>: Java Support. (line 14) * GCJFLAGS: Public macros. (line 97) * GCJLINK: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 10) * GTAGS_ARGS: Tags. (line 49) * GZIP_ENV: Dist. (line 13) * HEADERS: Uniform. (line 79) * host_triplet: Optional. (line 46) * include_HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * INCLUDES <1>: Program variables. (line 30) * INCLUDES: Hello. (line 80) * info_TEXINFOS: Texinfo. (line 6) * JAVA: Uniform. (line 79) * JAVAC: Java. (line 29) * JAVACFLAGS: Java. (line 32) * JAVAROOT: Java. (line 41) * LDADD: Linking. (line 10) * LDFLAGS: Program variables. (line 11) * LFLAGS: Yacc and Lex. (line 56) * lib_LIBRARIES: A Library. (line 6) * lib_LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * libexec_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * libexec_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * LIBOBJS <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * LIBOBJS <2>: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * LIBOBJS: Optional. (line 54) * LIBRARIES: Uniform. (line 79) * LIBS: Program variables. (line 11) * LINK <1>: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 20) * LINK: Program variables. (line 51) * LISP: Uniform. (line 79) * lisp_LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * lispdir: Public macros. (line 67) * localstate_DATA: Data. (line 9) * LTALLOCA <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * LTALLOCA: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * LTLIBOBJS <1>: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * LTLIBOBJS: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * MAINTAINERCLEANFILES: Clean. (line 13) * MAKE: Subdirectories. (line 29) * MAKEINFO: Texinfo. (line 71) * MAKEINFOFLAGS: Texinfo. (line 81) * MAKEINFOHTML: Texinfo. (line 77) * man_MANS: Man pages. (line 6) * MANS: Uniform. (line 79) * maude_AR: Program and Library Variables. (line 68) * maude_CCASFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 131) * maude_CFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 132) * maude_CPPFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 133) * maude_CXXFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 134) * maude_DEPENDENCIES <1>: Program and Library Variables. (line 105) * maude_DEPENDENCIES: Linking. (line 41) * maude_FFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 135) * maude_GCJFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 136) * maude_LDADD <1>: Program and Library Variables. (line 86) * maude_LDADD: Linking. (line 17) * maude_LDFLAGS <1>: Program and Library Variables. (line 101) * maude_LDFLAGS: Linking. (line 37) * maude_LFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 137) * maude_LIBADD <1>: Program and Library Variables. (line 78) * maude_LIBADD: A Library. (line 26) * maude_LINK: Program and Library Variables. (line 120) * maude_OBJCFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 138) * maude_RFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 139) * maude_SHORTNAME: Program and Library Variables. (line 169) * maude_SOURCES: Program and Library Variables. (line 18) * maude_YFLAGS: Program and Library Variables. (line 140) * MOSTLYCLEANFILES: Clean. (line 13) * nobase_: Alternative. (line 24) * nodist_ <1>: Dist. (line 53) * nodist_: Alternative. (line 30) * noinst_: Uniform. (line 69) * noinst_HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * noinst_LIBRARIES: A Library. (line 6) * noinst_LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * noinst_LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Convenience Libraries. (line 6) * noinst_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * noinst_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * OBJCLINK: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 18) * oldinclude_HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * PACKAGE: Dist. (line 9) * pkgdata_DATA: Data. (line 9) * pkgdata_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * pkgdatadir: Uniform. (line 19) * pkginclude_HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * pkgincludedir: Uniform. (line 19) * pkglib_LIBRARIES: A Library. (line 6) * pkglib_LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * pkglib_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * pkglibdir: Uniform. (line 19) * pkgpyexecdir: Python. (line 86) * pkgpythondir: Python. (line 77) * PROGRAMS: Uniform. (line 17) * pyexecdir: Python. (line 82) * PYTHON <1>: Python. (line 42) * PYTHON: Uniform. (line 79) * PYTHON_EXEC_PREFIX: Python. (line 63) * PYTHON_PLATFORM: Python. (line 68) * PYTHON_PREFIX: Python. (line 58) * PYTHON_VERSION: Python. (line 54) * pythondir: Python. (line 73) * RFLAGS: Fortran 77 Support. (line 25) * RUNTEST: Tests. (line 57) * RUNTESTDEFAULTFLAGS: Tests. (line 52) * RUNTESTFLAGS: Tests. (line 62) * sbin_PROGRAMS: Program Sources. (line 6) * sbin_SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 38) * SCRIPTS <1>: Scripts. (line 9) * SCRIPTS: Uniform. (line 79) * sharedstate_DATA: Data. (line 9) * SOURCES <1>: Default _SOURCES. (line 6) * SOURCES: Program Sources. (line 33) * SUBDIRS <1>: Dist. (line 41) * SUBDIRS: Subdirectories. (line 8) * SUFFIXES: Suffixes. (line 6) * sysconf_DATA: Data. (line 9) * TAGS_DEPENDENCIES: Tags. (line 35) * target_triplet: Optional. (line 46) * TESTS: Tests. (line 29) * TESTS_ENVIRONMENT: Tests. (line 29) * TEXI2DVI: Texinfo. (line 104) * TEXI2PDF: Texinfo. (line 109) * TEXINFO_TEX: Texinfo. (line 117) * TEXINFOS <1>: Texinfo. (line 48) * TEXINFOS: Uniform. (line 79) * top_distdir <1>: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 25) * top_distdir: Dist. (line 89) * U: Public macros. (line 7) * VERSION: Dist. (line 9) * WARNINGS: Invoking Automake. (line 167) * WITH_DMALLOC: Public macros. (line 102) * WITH_REGEX: Public macros. (line 107) * XFAIL_TESTS: Tests. (line 33) * YACC: Optional. (line 96) * YFLAGS: Yacc and Lex. (line 33)  File: automake.info, Node: General Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indices B.3 General Index ================= [index] * Menu: * ## (special Automake comment): General Operation. (line 54) * $(LIBOBJS) and empty libraries: LIBOBJS. (line 69) * +=: General Operation. (line 23) * --acdir: aclocal options. (line 9) * --add-missing: Invoking Automake. (line 41) * --copy: Invoking Automake. (line 63) * --cygnus: Invoking Automake. (line 67) * --enable-debug, example: Conditionals. (line 23) * --enable-maintainer-mode: Optional. (line 127) * --force: aclocal options. (line 20) * --force-missing: Invoking Automake. (line 72) * --foreign: Invoking Automake. (line 78) * --gnits: Invoking Automake. (line 82) * --gnits, complete description: Gnits. (line 21) * --gnu: Invoking Automake. (line 86) * --gnu, complete description: Gnits. (line 6) * --gnu, required files: Gnits. (line 6) * --help <1>: aclocal options. (line 13) * --help: Invoking Automake. (line 90) * --help check: Options. (line 114) * --include-deps: Invoking Automake. (line 98) * --libdir: Invoking Automake. (line 58) * --no-force: Invoking Automake. (line 103) * --output: aclocal options. (line 25) * --output-dir: Invoking Automake. (line 110) * --print-ac-dir: aclocal options. (line 28) * --verbose <1>: aclocal options. (line 34) * --verbose: Invoking Automake. (line 117) * --version <1>: aclocal options. (line 37) * --version: Invoking Automake. (line 121) * --version check: Options. (line 114) * --warnings: Invoking Automake. (line 126) * --with-dmalloc: Public macros. (line 102) * --with-regex: Public macros. (line 107) * -a: Invoking Automake. (line 41) * -c: Invoking Automake. (line 62) * -f: Invoking Automake. (line 71) * -hook targets: Extending. (line 59) * -I: aclocal options. (line 16) * -i: Invoking Automake. (line 94) * -local targets: Extending. (line 36) * -module, libtool: Libtool Modules. (line 6) * -o: Invoking Automake. (line 110) * -v: Invoking Automake. (line 117) * -W: Invoking Automake. (line 126) * .la suffix, defined: Libtool Concept. (line 6) * _DATA primary, defined: Data. (line 6) * _DEPENDENCIES, defined: Linking. (line 41) * _HEADERS primary, defined: Headers. (line 6) * _JAVA primary, defined: Java. (line 6) * _LDFLAGS, defined: Linking. (line 37) * _LDFLAGS, libtool: Libtool Flags. (line 6) * _LIBADD, libtool: Libtool Flags. (line 6) * _LIBRARIES primary, defined: A Library. (line 6) * _LISP primary, defined: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * _LTLIBRARIES primary, defined: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * _MANS primary, defined: Man pages. (line 6) * _PROGRAMS primary variable: Uniform. (line 11) * _PYTHON primary, defined: Python. (line 6) * _SCRIPTS primary, defined: Scripts. (line 6) * _SOURCES and header files: Program Sources. (line 39) * _SOURCES primary, defined: Program Sources. (line 32) * _SOURCES, default: Default _SOURCES. (line 6) * _SOURCES, empty: Default _SOURCES. (line 43) * _TEXINFOS primary, defined: Texinfo. (line 6) * AC_SUBST and SUBDIRS: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 95) * acinclude.m4, defined: Complete. (line 23) * aclocal program, introduction: Complete. (line 23) * aclocal search path: Macro search path. (line 6) * aclocal's scheduled death: Future of aclocal. (line 6) * aclocal, extending: Extending aclocal. (line 6) * aclocal, Invoking: Invoking aclocal. (line 6) * aclocal, Options: aclocal options. (line 6) * aclocal.m4, preexisting: Complete. (line 23) * Adding new SUFFIXES: Suffixes. (line 6) * all: Extending. (line 40) * all-local: Extending. (line 40) * ALLOCA, and Libtool: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * ALLOCA, example: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * ALLOCA, special handling: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * AM_CCASFLAGS and CCASFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_CFLAGS and CFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_CONDITIONAL and SUBDIRS: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 65) * AM_CPPFLAGS and CPPFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_CXXFLAGS and CXXFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_FCFLAGS and FCFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_FFLAGS and FFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_GCJFLAGS and GCJFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE, example use: Complete. (line 11) * AM_LDFLAGS and LDFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_LFLAGS and LFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_MAINTAINER_MODE, purpose: maintainer-mode. (line 36) * AM_OBJCFLAGS and OBJCFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_RFLAGS and RFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * AM_YFLAGS and YFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * ansi2knr <1>: Options. (line 22) * ansi2knr: ANSI. (line 14) * ansi2knr and LIBOBJS: ANSI. (line 48) * ansi2knr and LTLIBOBJS: ANSI. (line 48) * Append operator: General Operation. (line 23) * autogen.sh and autoreconf: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * autom4te: Invoking aclocal. (line 45) * Automake constraints: Introduction. (line 22) * automake options: Invoking Automake. (line 37) * Automake requirements <1>: Requirements. (line 6) * Automake requirements: Introduction. (line 27) * automake, invoking: Invoking Automake. (line 6) * Automake, recursive operation: General Operation. (line 44) * Automatic dependency tracking: Dependencies. (line 11) * Automatic linker selection: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 6) * autoreconf and libtoolize: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * autoupdate: Obsolete macros. (line 6) * Auxiliary programs: Auxiliary Programs. (line 6) * Avoiding path stripping: Alternative. (line 24) * bootstrap.sh and autoreconf: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * Bugs, reporting: Introduction. (line 31) * BUILT_SOURCES, defined: Sources. (line 27) * C++ support: C++ Support. (line 6) * canonicalizing Automake variables: Canonicalization. (line 6) * CCASFLAGS and AM_CCASFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * CFLAGS and AM_CFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * cfortran: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 6) * check <1>: Extending. (line 40) * check: Tests. (line 6) * check-local: Extending. (line 40) * check-news: Options. (line 29) * check_ primary prefix, definition: Uniform. (line 74) * check_PROGRAMS example: Default _SOURCES. (line 29) * clean: Extending. (line 40) * clean-local <1>: Extending. (line 40) * clean-local: Clean. (line 15) * Comment, special to Automake: General Operation. (line 54) * Compile Flag Variables: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * Complete example: Complete. (line 6) * Conditional example, --enable-debug: Conditionals. (line 23) * conditional libtool libraries: Conditional Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * Conditional programs: Conditional Programs. (line 6) * Conditional subdirectories: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 6) * Conditional SUBDIRS: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 6) * Conditionals: Conditionals. (line 6) * config.guess: Invoking Automake. (line 39) * configure.ac, from GNU Hello: Hello. (line 16) * configure.ac, scanning: configure. (line 6) * conflicting definitions: Extending. (line 14) * Constraints of Automake: Introduction. (line 22) * convenience libraries, libtool: Libtool Convenience Libraries. (line 6) * copying semantics: Extending. (line 10) * cpio example: Uniform. (line 36) * CPPFLAGS and AM_CPPFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * CVS and generated files: CVS. (line 49) * CVS and third-party files: CVS. (line 140) * CVS and timestamps: CVS. (line 28) * cvs-dist: General Operation. (line 12) * cvs-dist, non-standard example: General Operation. (line 12) * CXXFLAGS and AM_CXXFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * cygnus: Options. (line 17) * cygnus strictness: Cygnus. (line 6) * DATA primary, defined: Data. (line 6) * de-ANSI-fication, defined: ANSI. (line 6) * default _SOURCES: Default _SOURCES. (line 6) * default source, Libtool modules example: Default _SOURCES. (line 37) * definitions, conflicts: Extending. (line 14) * dejagnu <1>: Options. (line 33) * dejagnu: Tests. (line 57) * depcomp: Dependencies. (line 22) * dependencies and distributed files: distcleancheck. (line 6) * Dependency tracking: Dependencies. (line 11) * Dependency tracking, disabling: Dependencies. (line 37) * dirlist: Macro search path. (line 62) * Disabling dependency tracking: Dependencies. (line 37) * dist: Dist. (line 9) * dist-bzip2 <1>: Options. (line 36) * dist-bzip2: Dist. (line 192) * dist-gzip: Dist. (line 195) * dist-hook <1>: Extending. (line 62) * dist-hook: Dist. (line 71) * dist-shar <1>: Options. (line 39) * dist-shar: Dist. (line 198) * dist-tarZ <1>: Options. (line 45) * dist-tarZ: Dist. (line 204) * dist-zip <1>: Options. (line 42) * dist-zip: Dist. (line 201) * dist_ and nobase_: Alternative. (line 30) * DIST_SUBDIRS, explained: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 34) * distcheck: Dist. (line 111) * distcheck-hook: Dist. (line 122) * distclean <1>: distcleancheck. (line 6) * distclean: Extending. (line 40) * distclean, diagnostic: distcleancheck. (line 6) * distclean-local <1>: Extending. (line 40) * distclean-local: Clean. (line 15) * distcleancheck <1>: distcleancheck. (line 6) * distcleancheck: Dist. (line 133) * distdir: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 25) * dmalloc, support for: Public macros. (line 102) * dvi: Extending. (line 40) * DVI output using Texinfo: Texinfo. (line 6) * dvi-local: Extending. (line 40) * E-mail, bug reports: Introduction. (line 31) * EDITION Texinfo flag: Texinfo. (line 18) * else: Conditionals. (line 38) * empty _SOURCES: Default _SOURCES. (line 43) * Empty libraries: A Library. (line 46) * Empty libraries and $(LIBOBJS): LIBOBJS. (line 69) * endif: Conditionals. (line 38) * Example conditional --enable-debug: Conditionals. (line 23) * Example of recursive operation: General Operation. (line 44) * Example of shared libraries: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * Example, EXTRA_PROGRAMS: Uniform. (line 36) * Example, false and true: true. (line 6) * Example, GNU Hello: Hello. (line 6) * Example, handling Texinfo files: Hello. (line 64) * Example, mixed language: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 36) * Example, regression test: Hello. (line 72) * Executable extension: EXEEXT. (line 6) * Exit status 77, special interpretation: Tests. (line 20) * Expected test failure: Tests. (line 31) * Extending aclocal: Extending aclocal. (line 6) * Extending list of installation directories: Uniform. (line 55) * Extension, executable: EXEEXT. (line 6) * Extra files distributed with Automake: Invoking Automake. (line 39) * EXTRA_, prepending: Uniform. (line 29) * EXTRA_prog_SOURCES, defined: Conditional Sources. (line 18) * EXTRA_PROGRAMS, defined <1>: Conditional Programs. (line 15) * EXTRA_PROGRAMS, defined: Uniform. (line 36) * false Example: true. (line 6) * FCFLAGS and AM_FCFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. (line 6) * FFLAGS and AM_FFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * filename-length-max=99: Options. (line 48) * Files distributed with Automake: Invoking Automake. (line 39) * First line of Makefile.am: General Operation. (line 60) * Flag Variables, Ordering: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * Flag variables, ordering: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 6) * FLIBS, defined: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 21) * foreign: Options. (line 17) * foreign strictness: Strictness. (line 10) * Fortran 77 support: Fortran 77 Support. (line 6) * Fortran 77, mixing with C and C++: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 6) * Fortran 77, Preprocessing: Preprocessing Fortran 77. (line 6) * Fortran 9x support: Fortran 9x Support. (line 6) * GCJFLAGS and AM_GCJFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * generated files and CVS: CVS. (line 49) * generated files, distributed: CVS. (line 9) * Gettext support: gettext. (line 6) * gnits: Options. (line 17) * gnits strictness: Strictness. (line 10) * gnu: Options. (line 17) * GNU Gettext support: gettext. (line 6) * GNU Hello, configure.ac: Hello. (line 16) * GNU Hello, example: Hello. (line 6) * GNU make extensions: General Operation. (line 19) * GNU Makefile standards: Introduction. (line 12) * gnu strictness: Strictness. (line 10) * GNUmakefile including Makefile: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 107) * Header files in _SOURCES: Program Sources. (line 39) * HEADERS primary, defined: Headers. (line 6) * HEADERS, installation directories: Headers. (line 6) * Hello example: Hello. (line 6) * Hello, configure.ac: Hello. (line 16) * hook targets: Extending. (line 59) * HP-UX 10, lex problems: Public macros. (line 92) * html: Extending. (line 40) * HTML output using Texinfo: Texinfo. (line 6) * html-local: Extending. (line 40) * id: Tags. (line 44) * if: Conditionals. (line 38) * include <1>: Include. (line 6) * include: Dist. (line 17) * include, distribution: Dist. (line 17) * INCLUDES, example usage: Hello. (line 80) * Including Makefile fragment: Include. (line 6) * info <1>: Extending. (line 40) * info: Options. (line 88) * info-local: Extending. (line 40) * install <1>: Extending. (line 40) * install: Install. (line 45) * Install hook: Install. (line 74) * Install, two parts of: Install. (line 45) * install-data: Install. (line 45) * install-data-hook: Extending. (line 62) * install-data-local <1>: Extending. (line 40) * install-data-local: Install. (line 68) * install-exec <1>: Extending. (line 40) * install-exec: Install. (line 45) * install-exec-hook: Extending. (line 62) * install-exec-local <1>: Extending. (line 40) * install-exec-local: Install. (line 68) * install-info <1>: Options. (line 88) * install-info: Texinfo. (line 65) * install-info target: Texinfo. (line 65) * install-man <1>: Options. (line 94) * install-man: Man pages. (line 32) * install-man target: Man pages. (line 32) * install-strip: Install. (line 108) * Installation directories, extending list: Uniform. (line 55) * Installation support: Install. (line 6) * installcheck: Extending. (line 40) * installcheck-local: Extending. (line 40) * installdirs <1>: Extending. (line 40) * installdirs: Install. (line 108) * installdirs-local: Extending. (line 40) * Installing headers: Headers. (line 6) * Installing scripts: Scripts. (line 38) * installing versioned binaries: Extending. (line 78) * Interfacing with third-party packages: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 6) * Invoking aclocal: Invoking aclocal. (line 6) * Invoking automake: Invoking Automake. (line 6) * JAVA primary, defined: Java. (line 6) * JAVA restrictions: Java. (line 19) * Java support: Java Support. (line 6) * LDFLAGS and AM_LDFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * lex problems with HP-UX 10: Public macros. (line 92) * lex, multiple lexers: Yacc and Lex. (line 60) * LFLAGS and AM_LFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * libltdl, introduction: Libtool Concept. (line 30) * LIBOBJS and ansi2knr: ANSI. (line 48) * LIBOBJS, and Libtool: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * LIBOBJS, example: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * LIBOBJS, special handling: LIBOBJS. (line 6) * LIBRARIES primary, defined: A Library. (line 6) * libtool convenience libraries: Libtool Convenience Libraries. (line 6) * libtool libraries, conditional: Conditional Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * libtool library, definition: Libtool Concept. (line 6) * libtool modules: Libtool Modules. (line 6) * Libtool modules, default source example: Default _SOURCES. (line 37) * libtool, introduction: Libtool Concept. (line 6) * libtoolize and autoreconf: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * libtoolize, no longer run by automake: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * Linking Fortran 77 with C and C++: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 6) * LISP primary, defined: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * LN_S example: Extending. (line 78) * local targets: Extending. (line 36) * LTALLOCA, special handling: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * LTLIBOBJS and ansi2knr: ANSI. (line 48) * LTLIBOBJS, special handling: LTLIBOBJS. (line 6) * LTLIBRARIES primary, defined: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * ltmain.sh not found: Libtool Issues. (line 9) * m4_include, distribution: Dist. (line 17) * Macro search path: Macro search path. (line 6) * Macros Automake recognizes: Optional. (line 6) * maintainer-clean-local: Clean. (line 15) * make check: Tests. (line 6) * make clean support: Clean. (line 6) * make dist: Dist. (line 9) * make distcheck: Dist. (line 111) * make distclean, diagnostic: distcleancheck. (line 6) * make distcleancheck: Dist. (line 111) * make distuninstallcheck: Dist. (line 111) * make install support: Install. (line 6) * make installcheck, testing --help and --version: Options. (line 114) * Make rules, overriding: General Operation. (line 32) * Make targets, overriding: General Operation. (line 32) * Makefile fragment, including: Include. (line 6) * Makefile.am, first line: General Operation. (line 60) * MANS primary, defined: Man pages. (line 6) * many outputs, rules with: Multiple Outputs. (line 6) * mdate-sh: Texinfo. (line 18) * missing, purpose: maintainer-mode. (line 9) * Mixed language example: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 36) * Mixing Fortran 77 with C and C++: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 6) * Mixing Fortran 77 with C and/or C++: Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++. (line 6) * modules, libtool: Libtool Modules. (line 6) * mostlyclean: Extending. (line 40) * mostlyclean-local <1>: Extending. (line 40) * mostlyclean-local: Clean. (line 15) * Multiple configure.ac files: Invoking Automake. (line 6) * Multiple lex lexers: Yacc and Lex. (line 60) * multiple outputs, rules with: Multiple Outputs. (line 6) * Multiple yacc parsers: Yacc and Lex. (line 60) * Nesting packages: Subpackages. (line 6) * no-define <1>: Options. (line 56) * no-define: Public macros. (line 61) * no-dependencies <1>: Options. (line 61) * no-dependencies: Dependencies. (line 34) * no-dist: Options. (line 68) * no-dist-gzip: Options. (line 72) * no-exeext: Options. (line 75) * no-installinfo <1>: Options. (line 85) * no-installinfo: Texinfo. (line 65) * no-installman <1>: Options. (line 91) * no-installman: Man pages. (line 32) * no-texinfo.tex <1>: Options. (line 101) * no-texinfo.tex: Texinfo. (line 60) * nobase_ and dist_ or nodist_: Alternative. (line 30) * nobase_ prefix: Alternative. (line 24) * nodist_ and nobase_: Alternative. (line 30) * noinst_ primary prefix, definition: Uniform. (line 69) * noinstall-info option: Texinfo. (line 65) * noinstall-man option: Man pages. (line 32) * Non-GNU packages: Strictness. (line 6) * Non-standard targets: General Operation. (line 12) * nostdinc: Options. (line 97) * OBJCFLAGS and AM_OBJCFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * Objects in subdirectory: Program and Library Variables. (line 51) * obsolete macros: Obsolete macros. (line 6) * Option, --warnings=CATEGORY: Options. (line 193) * Option, -WCATEGORY: Options. (line 193) * Option, ansi2knr: Options. (line 22) * Option, check-news: Options. (line 29) * Option, cygnus: Options. (line 17) * Option, dejagnu: Options. (line 33) * Option, dist-bzip2: Options. (line 36) * Option, dist-shar: Options. (line 39) * Option, dist-tarZ: Options. (line 45) * Option, dist-zip: Options. (line 42) * Option, filename-length-max=99: Options. (line 48) * Option, foreign: Options. (line 17) * Option, gnits: Options. (line 17) * Option, gnu: Options. (line 17) * Option, no-define: Options. (line 56) * Option, no-dependencies: Options. (line 61) * Option, no-dist: Options. (line 68) * Option, no-dist-gzip: Options. (line 72) * Option, no-exeext: Options. (line 75) * Option, no-installinfo: Options. (line 85) * Option, no-installman: Options. (line 91) * Option, no-texinfo.tex: Options. (line 101) * Option, noinstall-info: Texinfo. (line 65) * Option, noinstall-man: Man pages. (line 32) * Option, nostdinc: Options. (line 97) * Option, readme-alpha: Options. (line 105) * Option, tar-pax: Options. (line 143) * Option, tar-ustar: Options. (line 143) * Option, tar-v7: Options. (line 143) * Option, VERSION: Options. (line 188) * Option, warnings: Options. (line 193) * Options, aclocal: aclocal options. (line 6) * Options, automake: Invoking Automake. (line 37) * Options, std-options: Options. (line 114) * Options, subdir-objects: Options. (line 134) * Ordering flag variables: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 6) * Overriding make rules: General Operation. (line 32) * Overriding make targets: General Operation. (line 32) * Overriding make variables: General Operation. (line 37) * overriding rules: Extending. (line 25) * overriding semantics: Extending. (line 25) * PACKAGE, directory: Uniform. (line 19) * PACKAGE, prevent definition: Public macros. (line 61) * Path stripping, avoiding: Alternative. (line 24) * pax format: Options. (line 143) * pdf: Extending. (line 40) * PDF output using Texinfo: Texinfo. (line 6) * pdf-local: Extending. (line 40) * Per-object flags, emulated: Per-Object Flags. (line 6) * per-target compilation flags, defined: Program and Library Variables. (line 141) * pkgdatadir, defined: Uniform. (line 19) * pkgincludedir, defined: Uniform. (line 19) * pkglibdir, defined: Uniform. (line 19) * POSIX termios headers: Obsolete macros. (line 24) * Preprocessing Fortran 77: Preprocessing Fortran 77. (line 6) * Primary variable, DATA: Data. (line 6) * Primary variable, defined: Uniform. (line 11) * Primary variable, HEADERS: Headers. (line 6) * Primary variable, JAVA: Java. (line 6) * Primary variable, LIBRARIES: A Library. (line 6) * Primary variable, LISP: Emacs Lisp. (line 6) * Primary variable, LTLIBRARIES: Libtool Libraries. (line 6) * Primary variable, MANS: Man pages. (line 6) * Primary variable, PROGRAMS: Uniform. (line 11) * Primary variable, PYTHON: Python. (line 6) * Primary variable, SCRIPTS: Scripts. (line 6) * Primary variable, SOURCES: Program Sources. (line 32) * Primary variable, TEXINFOS: Texinfo. (line 6) * prog_LDADD, defined: Linking. (line 12) * PROGRAMS primary variable: Uniform. (line 11) * Programs, auxiliary: Auxiliary Programs. (line 6) * PROGRAMS, bindir: Program Sources. (line 6) * Programs, conditional: Conditional Programs. (line 6) * Proxy Makefile for third-party packages: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 124) * ps: Extending. (line 40) * PS output using Texinfo: Texinfo. (line 6) * ps-local: Extending. (line 40) * PYTHON primary, defined: Python. (line 6) * Ratfor programs: Preprocessing Fortran 77. (line 6) * README-alpha: Gnits. (line 34) * readme-alpha: Options. (line 105) * rebuild rules <1>: CVS. (line 9) * rebuild rules: Rebuilding. (line 6) * Recognized macros by Automake: Optional. (line 6) * Recursive operation of Automake: General Operation. (line 44) * recursive targets and third-party Makefiles: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 15) * regex package: Public macros. (line 107) * Regression test example: Hello. (line 72) * Reporting bugs: Introduction. (line 31) * Requirements of Automake: Requirements. (line 6) * Requirements, Automake: Introduction. (line 27) * Restrictions for JAVA: Java. (line 19) * RFLAGS and AM_RFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * rules with multiple outputs: Multiple Outputs. (line 6) * rules, conflicting: Extending. (line 14) * rules, overriding: Extending. (line 25) * rx package: Public macros. (line 107) * Scanning configure.ac: configure. (line 6) * SCRIPTS primary, defined: Scripts. (line 6) * SCRIPTS, installation directories: Scripts. (line 38) * Selecting the linker automatically: How the Linker is Chosen. (line 6) * Shared libraries, support for: A Shared Library. (line 6) * site.exp: Tests. (line 64) * SOURCES primary, defined: Program Sources. (line 32) * Special Automake comment: General Operation. (line 54) * std-options: Options. (line 114) * Strictness, command line: Invoking Automake. (line 37) * Strictness, defined: Strictness. (line 10) * Strictness, foreign: Strictness. (line 10) * Strictness, gnits: Strictness. (line 10) * Strictness, gnu: Strictness. (line 10) * subdir-objects: Options. (line 134) * Subdirectories, building conditionally: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 6) * Subdirectories, configured conditionally: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 119) * Subdirectories, not distributed: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 170) * Subdirectory, objects in: Program and Library Variables. (line 51) * SUBDIRS and AC_SUBST: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 95) * SUBDIRS and AM_CONDITIONAL: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 65) * SUBDIRS, conditional: Conditional Subdirectories. (line 6) * SUBDIRS, explained: Subdirectories. (line 6) * Subpackages: Subpackages. (line 6) * suffix .la, defined: Libtool Concept. (line 6) * suffix .lo, defined: Libtool Concept. (line 15) * SUFFIXES, adding: Suffixes. (line 6) * Support for C++: C++ Support. (line 6) * Support for Fortran 77: Fortran 77 Support. (line 6) * Support for Fortran 9x: Fortran 9x Support. (line 6) * Support for GNU Gettext: gettext. (line 6) * Support for Java: Java Support. (line 6) * tags: Tags. (line 9) * TAGS support: Tags. (line 6) * tar formats: Options. (line 143) * tar-pax: Options. (line 143) * tar-ustar: Options. (line 143) * tar-v7: Options. (line 143) * Target, install-info: Texinfo. (line 65) * Target, install-man: Man pages. (line 32) * termios POSIX headers: Obsolete macros. (line 24) * Test suites: Tests. (line 6) * Tests, expected failure: Tests. (line 31) * Texinfo file handling example: Hello. (line 64) * Texinfo flag, EDITION: Texinfo. (line 18) * Texinfo flag, UPDATED: Texinfo. (line 18) * Texinfo flag, UPDATED-MONTH: Texinfo. (line 18) * Texinfo flag, VERSION: Texinfo. (line 18) * texinfo.tex: Texinfo. (line 53) * TEXINFOS primary, defined: Texinfo. (line 6) * third-party files and CVS: CVS. (line 140) * Third-party packages, interfacing with: Third-Party Makefiles. (line 6) * timestamps and CVS: CVS. (line 28) * true Example: true. (line 6) * underquoted AC_DEFUN: Extending aclocal. (line 33) * Uniform naming scheme: Uniform. (line 6) * uninstall <1>: Extending. (line 40) * uninstall: Install. (line 108) * uninstall-hook: Extending. (line 62) * uninstall-local: Extending. (line 40) * UPDATED Texinfo flag: Texinfo. (line 18) * UPDATED-MONTH Texinfo flag: Texinfo. (line 18) * user variables: User Variables. (line 6) * ustar format: Options. (line 143) * v7 tar format: Options. (line 143) * variables, conflicting: Extending. (line 14) * Variables, overriding: General Operation. (line 37) * variables, reserved for the user: User Variables. (line 6) * VERSION Texinfo flag: Texinfo. (line 18) * VERSION, prevent definition: Public macros. (line 61) * version.m4, example: Rebuilding. (line 19) * version.sh, example: Rebuilding. (line 19) * versioned binaries, installing: Extending. (line 78) * wildcards: wildcards. (line 6) * Windows: EXEEXT. (line 6) * yacc, multiple parsers: Yacc and Lex. (line 60) * YFLAGS and AM_YFLAGS: Flag Variables Ordering. (line 20) * ylwrap: Yacc and Lex. (line 60) * zardoz example: Complete. (line 35)