LICENSING INFORMATION for the Companion CD packages ------------------------------- This Companion CD contains the following third-party software packages, each of which is subject to license terms. The applicable license is listed next to each package name and a copy of the license is included below. Typically, the license is listed in a file like COPYING or LICENSE in the source code, but some authors only put it on their web site or in some other file. Although Sun has attempted to ensure the accuracy of this licensing information, it is always advisable to reconfirm the license details either by checking the included source or contacting the authors or maintainers. If you do find discrepancies or have issues/problems with finding the correct license applicable to the package, please contact Steven.Christensen@Sun.COM. Package Name License SFWaalib GPL2 SFWaconf GPL2 SFWafio LGPL SFWamake GPL2 SFWamnda MIT/X SFWasclk GPL2 SFWastep GPL2/LGPL/LDP2 SFWbrl GPL2/LGPL SFWcoreu GPL2 SFWctags GPL2 SFWcurl MIT/X SFWcvs GPL2 SFWddd GPL2/LGPL SFWdiffu GPL2 SFWemacs GPL2 SFWenscr GPL2 SFWespk GPL2 SFWespks GPL2 SFWethrl GPL2 SFWexpct PD SFWfile BSD (modified) SFWfltk FLTK/LGPL/GPL2 SFWfnlib GPL2 SFWftchm GPL2 SFWfvwm GPL2 SFWgawk GPL2 SFWgcal GPL2 SFWgcc2l GPL2 SFWgcmn No License, Structural SFWgd PHP SFWgdb GPL2 SFWgfind GPL2 SFWglob GPL2 SFWgplot Freely Distributable SFWgroff GPL2 SFWgtxt GPL2/LGPL/GFDL SFWguile LGPL SFWgviz CPL SFWimap U Washington SFWimlib GPL2 SFWispel Geoff Kuenning et al SFWjoe GPL1 SFWlablgtk LGPL SFWlibsane GPL2 SFWlpcap BSD SFWltool GPL2 SFWlynx GPL2 SFWmpack CMU SFWmpage GPL2/LGPL SFWmpeg GPL2 SFWmphp PHP SFWmutt GPL2 SFWmyjdb GPL2 SFWncur MIT/X/GPL2 SFWnmap GPL2 SFWnmh BSD modified SFWnpbm GPL2 SFWocaml QPL SFWoggl GPL2 SFWoslp BSD SFWpcre U Cambridge SFWpftpd GPL2 SFWplotu GPL2 SFWpnm2p GPL2 SFWprcml GPL2 SFWrline GPL2 SFWrpm GPL2 SFWrsync GPL2 SFWruby GPL2 SFWrxvt GPL2 SFWsane GPL2 SFWscrn GPL2 SFWscrnbrltty GPL2 SFWsdic GPL2 SFWsdl LGPL SFWsed GPL2 SFWsgrep GPL2 SFWshar GPL2 SFWslang GPL2 SFWslrn GPL2 SFWsnort GPL2 SFWsquid GPL2 SFWsudo ISC SFWtclx BSD SFWtdmp BSD SFWter GPL2 SFWtetex GPL2 SFWtnef GPL2 SFWtop William LeFebvre SFWungif MIT SFWunison GPL2 SFWunwin Rensselaer PI SFWuudv GPL2 SFWvim Charityware Uganda SFWvnc GPL2 SFWvorbt GPL2 SFWw3 GPL2 SFWwmkr GPL2 SFWxaw3d MIT/X SFWxcmd GPL2 SFWxcpus MIT/X SFWxdelta GPL2 SFWxfce GPL2 SFWxmacs GPL2 SFWxmms GPL2 SFWxpdf GPL2 SFWxterm MIT/X SFWyasr GPL2 ------------------------------ GPL2 For the avoidance of doubt, except that if any license choice other than GPL or LGPL is available it will apply instead, Sun elects to use only the General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) at this time for any software where a choice of GPL license versions is made available with the language indicating that GPLv2 or any later version may be used, or where a choice of which version of the GPL is applied is otherwise unspecified. ------------------------------ The GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. 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If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. One line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. --------------- LGPL For the avoidance of doubt, except that if any license choice other than GPL or LGPL is available it will apply instead, Sun elects to use only the Lesser General Public License version 2.1 (LGPLv2) at this time for any software where a choice of LGPL license versions is made available with the language indicating that LGPLv2.1 or any later version may be used, or where a choice of which version of the LGPL is applied is otherwise unspecified. --------------- GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1, February 1999 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ------------------------------ libpcap and tcpdump version ------------------------------ License: BSD Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The names of the authors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ------------------ nmh version ------------------ Copyright (c) 2000, the authors of nmh All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name "the authors of nmh", nor variations such as "The nmh Developers", nor the names of the individual contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ITS AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of Caldera Systems nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 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It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. ----------------- MIT/X like ----------------- ----------------- amanda version ------------------ /* * Amanda, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver * Copyright (c) 1991-1998 University of Maryland at College Park * All Rights Reserved. * * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its * documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that * the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting * documentation, and that the name of U.M. not be used in advertising or * publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, * written prior permission. U.M. makes no representations about the * suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" * without express or implied warranty. * * U.M. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL U.M. * BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. * * Authors: the Amanda Development Team. Its members are listed in a * file named AUTHORS, in the root directory of this distribution. ------------- curl version ------------- COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE Copyright (c) 1996 - 2002, Daniel Stenberg, . All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder. ---------------- ncurses version ---------------- Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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Raymond Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. ---------------- xaw3d version ---------------- Copyright (c) 1991, 1994 X Consortium Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 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(except where indicated otherwise in source file) by John DiMarco and Mark Moraes Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The author(s) and the University of Toronto are not responsible for the consequences of use of this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it. 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation. 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation. 4. This notice may not be removed or altered. --------------- xterm version --------------- Copyright 1996-2003,2004 by Thomas E. Dickey All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Digital not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. 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The recipients must be able to do so without any charges whatsoever, and they must be able to re-distribute to anyone they choose. c. If the items are not available to the general public, and the initial developer of the Software requests a copy of the items, then you must supply one. Limitations of Liability In no event shall the initial developers or copyright holders be liable for any damages whatsoever, including - but not restricted to - lost revenue or profits or other direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, even if they have been advised of the possibility of such damages, except to the extent invariable law, if any, provides otherwise. No Warranty The Software and this license document are provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Choice of Law This license is governed by the Laws of Norway. Disputes shall be settled by Oslo City Court. ------------------------------- University of Cambridge PCRE ------------------------------- PCRE is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language. Written by: Philip Hazel University of Cambridge Computing Service, Cambridge, England. Phone: +44 1223 334714. Copyright (c) 1997-2003 University of Cambridge Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any computer system, and to redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by explicit claim or by omission. In practice, this means that if you use PCRE in software that you distribute to others, commercially or otherwise, you must put a sentence like this Regular expression support is provided by the PCRE library package, which is open source software, written by Philip Hazel, and copyright by the University of Cambridge, England. somewhere reasonably visible in your documentation and in any relevant files or online help data or similar. A reference to the ftp site for the source, that is, to ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ should also be given in the documentation. However, this condition is not intended to apply to whole chains of software. If package A includes PCRE, it must acknowledge it, but if package B is software that includes package A, the condition is not imposed on package B (unless it uses PCRE independently). 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 4. If PCRE is embedded in any software that is released under the GNU General Purpose Licence (GPL), or Lesser General Purpose Licence (LGPL), then the terms of that licence shall supersede any condition above with which it is incompatible. The documentation for PCRE, supplied in the "doc" directory, is distributed under the same terms as the software itself. End --------------------- PHP --------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- The PHP License, version 3.01 Copyright (c) 1999 - 2008 The PHP Group. All rights reserved. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. 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Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Carnegie Mellon University not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Carnegie Mellon University makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. 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Miller Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512. Additionally, fnmatch.c, fnmatch.h, getcwd.c, glob.c, glob.h, mkstemp.c and snprintf.c bear the following UCB license: Copyright (c) 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ------------------------- William LeFebvre for top ------------------------- LICENSE Top is distributed free of charge under the same terms as the BSD license. -------------------------- Charityware Uganda for vim --------------------------- Vim is Charityware. You can use and copy it as much as you like, but you are encouraged to make a donation for needy children in Uganda. Please see |kcc| below or visit the ICCF web site, available at these URLs: http://iccf-holland.org/ http://www.vim.org/iccf/ You can also sponsor the development of Vim. Vim sponsors can vote for features. See |sponsor|. The Open Publication License applies to the Vim documentation, see |manual-copyright|. VIM LICENSE I) There are no restrictions on distributing unmodified copies of Vim except that they must include this license text. You can also distribute unmodified parts of Vim, likewise unrestricted except that they must include this license text. You are also allowed to include executables that you made from the unmodified Vim sources, plus your own usage examples and Vim scripts. II) It is allowed to distribute a modified (or extended) version of Vim, including executables and/or source code, when the following four conditions are met: 1) This license text must be included unmodified. 2) The modified Vim must be distributed in one of the following five ways: a) If you make changes to Vim yourself, you must clearly describe in the distribution how to contact you. When the maintainer asks you (in any way) for a copy of the modified Vim you distributed, you must make your changes, including source code, available to the maintainer without fee. The maintainer reserves the right to include your changes in the official version of Vim. What the maintainer will do with your changes and under what license they will be distributed is negotiable. If there has been no negotiation then this license, or a later version, also applies to your changes. The current maintainer is Bram Moolenaar . If this changes it will be announced in appropriate places (most likely vim.sf.net, www.vim.org and/or comp.editors). When it is completely impossible to contact the maintainer, the obligation to send him your changes ceases. Once the maintainer has confirmed that he has received your changes they will not have to be sent again. b) If you have received a modified Vim that was distributed as mentioned under a) you are allowed to further distribute it unmodified, as mentioned at I). If you make additional changes the text under a) applies to those changes. c) Provide all the changes, including source code, with every copy of the modified Vim you distribute. This may be done in the form of a context diff. You can choose what license to use for new code you add. The changes and their license must not restrict others from making their own changes to the official version of Vim. d) When you have a modified Vim which includes changes as mentioned under c), you can distribute it without the source code for the changes if the following three conditions are met: - The license that applies to the changes permits you to distribute the changes to the Vim maintainer without fee or restriction, and permits the Vim maintainer to include the changes in the official version of Vim without fee or restriction. - You keep the changes for at least three years after last distributing the corresponding modified Vim. When the maintainer or someone who you distributed the modified Vim to asks you (in any way) for the changes within this period, you must make them available to him. - You clearly describe in the distribution how to contact you. This contact information must remain valid for at least three years after last distributing the corresponding modified Vim, or as long as possible. e) When the GNU General Public License (GPL) applies to the changes, you can distribute the modified Vim under the GNU GPL version 2 or any later version. 3) A message must be added, at least in the output of the ":version" command and in the intro screen, such that the user of the modified Vim is able to see that it was modified. When distributing as mentioned under 2)e) adding the message is only required for as far as this does not conflict with the license used for the changes. 4) The contact information as required under 2)a) and 2)d) must not be removed or changed, except that the person himself can make corrections. III) If you distribute a modified version of Vim, you are encouraged to use the Vim license for your changes and make them available to the maintainer, including the source code. The preferred way to do this is by e-mail or by uploading the files to a server and e-mailing the URL. If the number of changes is small (e.g., a modified Makefile) e-mailing a context diff will do. The e-mail address to be used is IV) It is not allowed to remove this license from the distribution of the Vim sources, parts of it or from a modified version. You may use this license for previous Vim releases instead of the license that they came with, at your option. Note: - If you are happy with Vim, please express that by reading the rest of this file and consider helping needy children in Uganda. - If you want to support further Vim development consider becoming a |sponsor|. - According to Richard Stallman the Vim license is GNU GPL compatible. A few minor changes have been made since he checked it, but that should not make a difference. - If you link Vim with a library that goes under the GNU GPL, this limits further distribution to the GNU GPL. Also when you didn't actually change anything in Vim. - Once a change is included that goes under the GNU GPL, this forces all further changes to also be made under the GNU GPL or a compatible license. - If you distribute a modified version of Vim, you can include your name and contact information with the "--with-modified-by" configure argument or the MODIFIED_BY define. ============================================================================== Kibaale Children's Centre *kcc* Kibaale Children's Centre (KCC) is located in Kibaale, a small town in the south of Uganda, near Tanzania, in East Africa. The area is known as Rakai District. The population is mostly farmers. Although people are poor, there is enough food. But this district is suffering from AIDS more than any other part of the world. Some say that it started there. Estimations are that 10 to 30% of the Ugandans are infected with HIV. Because parents die, there are many orphans. In this district about 60.000 children have lost one or both parents, out of a population of 350.000. And this is still continuing. The children need a lot of help. The KCC is working hard to provide the needy with food, medical care and education. Food and medical care to keep them healthy now, and education so that they can take care of themselves in the future. KCC works on a Christian base, but help is given to children of any religion. The key to solving the problems in this area is education. This has been neglected in the past years with president Idi Amin and the following civil wars. Now that the government is stable again, the children and parents have to learn how to take care of themselves and how to avoid infections. There is also help for people who are ill and hungry, but the primary goal is to prevent people from getting ill and to teach them how to grow healthy food. Most of the orphans are living in an extended family. An uncle or older sister is taking care of them. Because these families are big and the income (if any) is low, a child is lucky if it gets healthy food. Clothes, medical care and schooling is beyond its reach. To help these needy children, a sponsorship program was put into place. A child can be financially adopted. For a few dollars a month KCC sees to it that the child gets indispensable items, is healthy, goes to school and KCC takes care of anything else that needs to be done for the child and the family that supports it. Besides helping the child directly, the environment where the child grows up needs to be improved. KCC helps schools to improve their teaching methods. There is a demonstration school at the centre and teacher trainings are given. Health workers are being trained, hygiene education is carried out and households are stimulated to build a proper latrine. I helped setting up a production site for cement slabs. These are used to build a good latrine. They are sold below cost price. There is a small clinic at the project, which provides children and their family with medical help. When needed, transport to a hospital is offered. Immunization programs are carried out and help is provided when an epidemic is breaking out (measles and cholera have been a problem). Summer 1994 to summer 1995 I spent a whole year at the centre, working as a volunteer. I have helped to expand the centre and worked in the area of water and sanitation. I learned that the help that the KCC provides really helps. Now that I'm back in Holland, I would like to continue supporting KCC. To do this I'm raising funds and organizing the sponsorship program. Please consider one of these possibilities: 1. Sponsor a child in primary school: 17 euro a month (or more). 2. Sponsor a child in secondary school: 25 euro a month (or more). 3. Sponsor the clinic: Any amount a month or quarter 4. A one-time donation Compared with other organizations that do child sponsorship the amounts are very low. This is because the money goes directly to the centre. Less than 5% is used for administration. This is possible because this is a small organization that works with volunteers. If you would like to sponsor a child, you should have the intention to do this for at least one year. How do you know that the money will be spent right? First of all you have my personal guarantee as the author of Vim. I trust the people that are working at the centre, I know them personally. Further more, the centre is co-sponsored and inspected by World Vision, Save the Children Fund and International Child Care Fund. The centre is visited about once a year to check the progress (at our own cost). I have visited the centre myself in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003. The visit reports are on the ICCF web site. If you have any further questions, send me e-mail: . The address of the centre is: Kibaale Children's Centre p.o. box 1658 Masaka, Uganda, East Africa Sending money: Check the ICCF web site for the latest information! See |iccf| for the URL. USA and Canada: Contact Kibaale Children's Fund (KCF) in Surrey, Canada. They take care of the Canadian sponsors for the children in Kibaale. You can send them a one time donation directly. Please send me a note so that know what has been donated because of Vim. Ask KCF for information about sponsorship. Kibaale Children's Fund c/o Pacific Academy 10238-168 Street Surrey, B.C. V4N 1Z4 Canada Phone: 604-581-5353 If you make a donation to Kibaale Children's Fund (KCF) you will receive a tax receipt which can be submitted with your tax return (under the Free Trade Agreement tax receipts issued by an organization registered in Canada are fully accepted by the IRS in the USA, with a few conditions). Holland: Transfer to the account of "Stichting ICCF Holland" in Venlo. This will allow for tax deduction (if you live in Holland)! Postbank, nr. 4548774 Germany: It is possible to make donations that allow for a tax return. Check the ICCF web site for the latest information: http://iccf-holland.org/germany.html World: Use a postal money order. That should be possible from any country, mostly from the post office. Use this name (which is in my passport): "Abraham Moolenaar". Use Euro for the currency if possible. Europe: Use a bank transfer if possible. Your bank should have a form that you can use for this. See "Others" below for the swift code and IBAN number. Any other method should work. Ask for information about sponsorship. Credit Card: You can use PayPal to send money with a Credit card. This is the most widely used Internet based payment system. It's really simple to use. Use this link to find more info: https://www.paypal.com/affil/pal=Bram%40moolenaar.net The e-mail address for sending the money to is: Bram@iccf-holland.org For amounts above $150 sending a cheque is preferred. Others: Transfer to one of these accounts if possible: Postbank, account 4548774 Swift code: INGB NL 2A IBAN: NL47 PSTB 0004 5487 74 under the name "stichting ICCF Holland", Venlo If that doesn't work: Rabobank Venlo, account 3765.05.117 Swift code: RABO NL 2U under the name "Bram Moolenaar", Venlo Otherwise, send a cheque in euro or US dollars to the address below. Minimal amount: $70 (my bank does not accept smaller amounts for foreign cheques, sorry) Address to send cheques to: stichting ICCF Holland Bram Moolenaar Clematisstraat 30 5925 BE Venlo The Netherlands ------------------------------ Rensselaer PL for unwindows ----------------------------- This software is copyrighted by Richard L. Kline and Ephraim P. Glinert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The following terms apply to all files associated with the software unless explicitly disclaimed in individual files. The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement, license, or royalty fee is required for any of the authorized uses. Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors and need not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that the new terms are clearly indicated on the first page of each file where they apply. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ANY DERIVATIVES THEREOF, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS. ----------------------- LDP2 ----------------------- LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT LICENSE (LDPL) v2.0, 12 January 1998 I. COPYRIGHT The copyright to each Linux Documentation Project (LDP) document is owned by its author or authors. II. LICENSE The following license terms apply to all LDP documents, unless otherwise stated in the document. The LDP documents may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that this license notice is displayed in the reproduction. Commercial redistribution is permitted and encouraged. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. ------------------------------------ Geoff Kuenning at all for ispell ------------------------------------- Ispell has a long and convoluted history. I have tried to track down as much as possible about it and condense it below. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPELL-CHECKING AND THE FIRST ISPELL The following background information on spelling checkers in general, and ispell in particular, was provided to me by Les Earnest (les@dec-lite.stanford.edu): > The earliest spelling checker (of sorts) of which I am aware was in a > program that attempted to automatically receive human-keyed Morse > code, which can be ambiguous because of the variable timing between > dots, dashes, intercharacter pauses, and interword pauses. This > program didn't use a full dictionary; instead, used a table of > digraphs (two-letter sequences) that occur in English and barred > improper letter sequences. This program was written by someone at MIT > Lincoln Lab around 1959 and, I think, ran on the TX-2 computer there. > Unfortunately, I don't remember his name. I might still have the > paper he wrote in my files but it would take a major search to find it > and I might not succeed. > > A program that I wrote in 1961 to read cursive writing contained a > real spelling checker, using the 10,000 most common English words. > It is reported in: > L. Earnest, "Machine Recognition of Cursive Writing," Information > Processing 62, (Proc. IFIP Congress 1962, Munich), North-Holland, > Amsterdam, 1963. > and > N. Lindgren, ``Machine Recognition of Human Language, Part III - > Cursive Script Recognition'', IEEE Spectrum, May 1965. > > I brought that dictionary to Stanford and got a PhD student to write > a spelling checker for text in Lisp running on our PDP-6 computer at > the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab around 1967. > Unfortunately, I do not remember which student it was; it could have > been Gil Falk. It was a rather simple program (certainly much > simpler than the earlier cursive writing program) and I didn't think > of it as a significant development at the time. > > [Later], I got another PhD student, Ralph Gorin, to do a better and > faster spelling checker sometime in the early '70s, still using my > old dictionary. Ralph later wrote an article about it in CACM. I > believe that he later augmented the dictionary. [note: Ralph has since informed me that he wrote no such article. The program was called SPELL and was written in 1971. Ralph provided me with a reference to "Computer Programs for Spelling Correction", by James L. Peterson, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, No. 96 in the series "Lecture Notes in Computer Science." This book states that Ralph's SPELL program, which was the direct ancestor of ispell, was the first computer program written for checking the spelling of text documents. The book is also a good source of references on spelling programs.] > ... > > [Ispell] was originally written in PDP-10 assembly language and ran > under the WAITS operating system, which is similar to TOPS-10 but existed > only on SAIL (a dual processor KA10/PDP-6 system). It was and is called > SPELL on that machine. It later was modified to run under Tenex and > TOPS-20. [Ralph mentions that SPELL was also ported to MIT's ITS and TOPS-10.] The Tenex version of ispell was later revised by W. E. Matson (1974), and Bill Ackerman (1978). Bill has provided the following information: > I came across the SPELL program in 1978 on ITS. It was a port from > Stanford, and had the names Ralph Gorin (approximately 1971) and > Wayne Matson (1974) associated with it. I did 3 things to it: > > Rewrote it as a native program for ITS, and, shortly thereafter, > TOPS-20. (I never did anything for TOPS-10, and am not aware > that it ever ran on TOPS-10, though it may have.) > > Replaced the heuristics for suffix removal, which I found unreliable > and unsatisfactory, with an algorithm that was driven by specific > suffix flags in the dictionary. This way, the dictionary would have > complete control over what words were legal, and there would be no > spurious hits. > > Apparently most importantly, though I had no idea at time, gave it > the name "ISPELL", for "ITS version of spell", since I didn't > consider myself authorized to throw away an existing program > and overwrite it with a new one under the same name. > > I have not followed the history of the program since then, and do not know > if it still uses the "suffix flags" in its dictionary. But if it does, > I introduced them. The Ispell algorithm that uses those flags to make > accurate decisions about the legality of words was documented in great > detail in James Peterson's Springer-Verlag book. (He spent a semester > at MIT while working on the book, and I provided him with a lot of > information and documentation at that time.) > > Bill Ackerman > wba@apollo.hp.com Michael Adler adds: > I did work on ispell in 1982. Actually, I stole the ispell > dictionary and suffix compression algorithm and wrote a spelling > checker for CP/M in 8080 assembler that I very creatively called "SPELL." > By sorting the dictionary alphabetically and using a difference encoding > I managed to pack the entire dictionary that Bill was using in about > 56Kb. The CP/M program read a document, sorted all the words alphabetically > and then checked them. It then reread the document and compared words as > it found them against the in memory, sorted and checked words. SPELL was > around in the public domain on CP/M. > > I was in high school at the time and talked to Bill only over email. > We wound up in the same compiler group at Apollo in the late 80's by > coincidence. DEVELOPMENT OF THE C/UNIX VERSION OF ISPELL In 1983, Pace Willisson (pace@prep.ai.mit.edu) wrote a C/Unix version from scratch, based on the ispell documentation. In 1987, Walt Buehring revised and enhanced ispell, and posted it to the Usenet along with a dictionary. In addition, Walt wrote the first version of "ispell.el", the emacs interface. Geoff Kuenning (geoff@ITcorp.com, that's me, and by the way I pronounce it "Kenning"; the "u" is silent) picked up this version, fixed some bugs, and added further enhancements, all of which made me the de-facto ispell maintainer for the net. I also put quite a bit of work into improving the quality of the dictionaries. In 1987 I began work on the "munchlist" script, which I originally intended to be used to add flags to personal dictionary entries. At the same time I was studying German, and wanted to use ispell to check the papers I was writing for that class. After thinking about it for some time, I realized that the suffix flags could be table-driven, which would both add flexibility and would get rid of certain difficult-to-find bugs. In 1988 I rewrote major portions of the code to do this, resulting in the first multi-lingual version. Ole Bjoern Hessen (obh@ifi.uio.no) in Norway alpha-tested this version and provided several important enhancements. Bob Devine (vianet!devine) provided two larger dictionaries (which became the basis for english.1 and english.2) to me for inclusion with subsequent releases. Ashwin Ram (ram@cs.yale.edu) made substantial enhancements to Walt Buehring's emacs interface, and provided them to me for inclusion with an earlier release. The emacs interface was then completely overhauled by Ken Stevens (stevens@hplabs.hp.com), who also beta-tested the software and without whom this posting would not have been possible. If there's a feature in the emacs interface that you like, you probably have Ken to thank for it. His efforts have been tireless for many years. Martin Boyer made major contributions to the munchlist script, including producing a version that runs under perl (see languages/Where for instructions on how to get that version). Philippe-Andre Prindeville provided xspell (a Motif-based X interface), and Moritz Willers provided a NeXTStep interface. DEVELOPMENT AND DEATH OF ISPELL 4.0 Meanwhile, and unbeknownst to me, Pace Willisson was working on his own improvements to ispell. He focused primarily on dictionary size and startup time. His solution was a dictionary compression algorithm that detected and encoded frequent letter pairs. This also reduced the time needed to read it in. Pace also changed some internal data structures to improve startup time. Pace and I eventually discovered each other's efforts, and discussed re-merging our changes, but we decided that there would be too much work involved. This was partly because I was close to a release and didn't want to delay it with an extensive and error-prone merge. In late 1992 (if my memory serves correctly), Richard Stallman contacted me, asking for permission to distribute ispell as part of the GNU suite. I responded that he was welcome to distribute it, but that I was not willing to place my software under the Gnu Public License. Through a misunderstanding, neither of us considered the possibility of finding a compromise license that both could live with. So Richard started a search for an alternate version, and found Pace working right in his back yard. I have been told that when FSF first learned of Pace's version, they again considered using International Ispell instead because it was both more popular and more capable, but this idea was rejected due to the license misunderstanding. Instead, FSF enhanced Pace's version somewhat and called it ispell 4.0, apparently in the hopes that by numbering the version higher, it would become the standard. When ispell 4.0 was released, much confusion ensued. Many ispell users innocently "upgraded" to 4.0 and then screamed when they could not find features to which they had grown accustomed. Europeans in general were angered by the apparent provincialism shown by the "dropping" of international support. I found myself inundated with questions about a version I had never heard of or seen. One of the earliest and most common suggestions was that FSF should rename their version "gispell". This had a lot of precedent, both in the naming of other FSF utilities and in the then-recent change of the suffix used by gzip from ".z" to ".gz". Unfortunately, the FSF refused to do this. I may have inadvertently contributed to this refusal with a Usenet posting in which I tried to clarify what had happened, pointing out that the FSF version was more recently related to Pace's than my own. This may have been seen as an acknowledgment that FSF should have the rights to the name "ispell," and that I should rename my version. A flame war arose, and I decided that the only way to solve the problem was to rename my version to eliminate the confusion. However, at about the same time Richard Stallman and I began negotiating via e-mail. We itemized and clarified his objections to my license, and I learned from a third party that FSF is willing to distribute software that falls under the University of California license (also known as the Berkeley license). Richard and I agreed that if I changed my license to be a paraphrase of the UC license, FSF would be willing to distribute my version with no changes. Since then, ispell 4.0 has been dropped by FSF and has pretty well disappeared from the net, leaving International Ispell as the version of choice for nearly everyone. OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Numerous other people have contributed enhancements, suggestions, and bug fixes. I used to attempt to keep track of all of them, and list their names here. However, I found that keeping the list of names correct was as time-consuming as fixing bugs, so I finally decided that the list had grown too long, and stopped keeping it current. This is unfortunate, because many people have made significant contributions to ispell and I would like to have a way to acknowledge them. So please remember that hundreds of people have helped in this effort, and that I appreciate each and every one of them. --------------------------------- University of Washington for imap ---------------------------------- University of Washington's Free-Fork License University of Washington IMAP toolkit Version 2003 of IMAP toolkit Copyright 1988-2003 University of Washington This University of Washington Distribution (code and documentation) is made available to the open source community as a public service by the University of Washington. Contact the University of Washington at imap-license@cac.washington.edu for information on other licensing arrangements (e.g. for use in proprietary applications). 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